Week 2 Assignment
PSY325: Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Diagnosis A Diagnosis B Diagnosis C
Observed 98 87 115
Expected 100 100 100
In the next step, we find the deviation of the observed frequencies (O) from the expected
frequencies (E) by subtracting, as shown below.
Diagnosis A Diagnosis B Diagnosis C
Observed 98 87 115
Expected 100 100 100
Observed –
-2 -13 15
Expected
Notice that if we add all of the raw deviations together, our total will be 0. This is why the
next step is to square the deviations. Squaring a number, whether it is negative or positive,
will always result in a positive number. When we square the deviations, we preserve the
relative differences in each category without having the problem of the total being cancelled
out.
Diagnosis A Diagnosis B Diagnosis C
Observed 98 87 115
Expected 100 100 100
Observed – Expected -2 -13 15