LEERJAAR 1, PERIODE 3
ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE
HOLLANDS, S.
FONTYS HOGENSCHOOL
,Inhoudsopgave
Week 1: Babyfase ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................... 5
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Cognitieve ontwikkeling: Piaget ......................................................................................................................... 5
Piaget: Sensomotorische fase. ............................................................................................................................ 5
Geheugen in de babytijd ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Taal bij baby’s..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Fysieke ontwikkeling. ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Prénatale ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Belangrijke externe invloeden op de prénatale ontwikkeling ....................................................................... 7
Geboorte Apgar-score. ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Reflexen .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Motorische ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................................... 8
Grove motorische ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 8
4 principes van groei .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 10
Zelfconcept ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Temperament ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Emoties ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Hechting ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Week 2: peuter- en kleutertijd ....................................................................................................................... 12
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 12
Cognitieve ontwikkeling Piaget ........................................................................................................................ 12
Piaget: pre-operationele fase ........................................................................................................................... 12
Conservatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pre-operationele fase. ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Informatieverwerkingstheorie .......................................................................................................................... 13
Taalontwikkeling peuters en kleuters ............................................................................................................... 13
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 14
Erikson, psychologische ontwikkeling............................................................................................................... 14
Theory of mind ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Voorbeelden TOM-test ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Vriendschappen. ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Sekserolontwikkeling → gender ....................................................................................................................... 15
Verklaringen ontstaan gender. ......................................................................................................................... 15
,Week 3: Schoolkind ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 16
Piaget: Concreet operationele fase en formeel operationele fase ................................................................... 16
Cognitieve ontwikkeling: Vygotsky ................................................................................................................... 16
Persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................ 17
Erikson, psychosociale ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 17
Identiteit: zelfomschrijving ............................................................................................................................... 17
Morele ontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Sociaalemotionele ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 18
Bronfenbrenner: Ecologische systeemtheorie .................................................................................................. 18
Invloed van ouders ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Opvoedingsstijl ................................................................................................................................................. 19
De veranderende thuisomgeving...................................................................................................................... 19
Echtscheiding.................................................................................................................................................... 19
Relaties met leeftijdsgenoten ........................................................................................................................... 20
Pesten ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
Week 4: Adolescentie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 21
Piaget: formeel operationele fase .................................................................................................................... 21
Meningen over/kritiek op Piaget ...................................................................................................................... 21
Informatieverwerkingstheorie .......................................................................................................................... 21
Onderwijsmijlpalen in de adolescentie ............................................................................................................. 22
Schoolprestaties ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Hoger onderwijs ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Genderverschillen in hoger onderwijs .............................................................................................................. 22
Stereotypering .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Psychosociale ontwikkeling: identiteit en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling. ...................................................... 23
Erikson. ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Identiteit versus identiteitsverwarring. ............................................................................................................ 23
Culturele identiteit ............................................................................................................................................ 24
James Marcia ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Fysieke ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 25
De puberteit...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Het begin van de puberteit. .............................................................................................................................. 25
Vroege en late rijping ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Hersenontwikkeling. ......................................................................................................................................... 26
, Sociale ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Leeftijdsgenoten ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Erbij horen: populariteit en afwijzing ............................................................................................................... 26
Genderrelaties .................................................................................................................................................. 27
Gezin en opvoeding .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Hoe beïnvloed digitale communicatie de ontwikkeling van adolescenten? ..................................................... 27
Week 5: jongvolwassenheid (+- 23-40 jaar) .................................................................................................... 28
Fysieke en cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................ 28
Fysieke ontwikkeling......................................................................................................................................... 28
Veroudering ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Denken vanaf de jongvolwassenheid ............................................................................................................... 28
Formeel of postformeel? .................................................................................................................................. 28
Het denken volgens Schaie ............................................................................................................................... 29
Verschillende stadia/fases: ............................................................................................................................... 29
Identiteit: de rol van werk en beroep ............................................................................................................... 29
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 30
Erikson .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Intimiteit versus isolement ............................................................................................................................... 30
Vriendschap ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Een relatie aangaan ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Sternberg .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Hechtingsstijlen en relaties............................................................................................................................... 31
Single zijn .......................................................................................................................................................... 32
De sociale klok .................................................................................................................................................. 32
Ouderschap ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Week 6: Middelbare leeftijd ........................................................................................................................... 33
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 33
Cognitieve achteruitgang en werk en beroep .................................................................................................. 33
Expert versus leek ............................................................................................................................................. 33
Geheugenontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Fysieke ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Lichamelijke achteruitgang .............................................................................................................................. 34
Vrouwelijke climacterium ................................................................................................................................. 34
Mannelijke climacterium .................................................................................................................................. 34
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 35
Erikson: psychosociale ontwikkeling................................................................................................................. 35
ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE
HOLLANDS, S.
FONTYS HOGENSCHOOL
,Inhoudsopgave
Week 1: Babyfase ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................... 5
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Cognitieve ontwikkeling: Piaget ......................................................................................................................... 5
Piaget: Sensomotorische fase. ............................................................................................................................ 5
Geheugen in de babytijd ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Taal bij baby’s..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Fysieke ontwikkeling. ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Prénatale ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Belangrijke externe invloeden op de prénatale ontwikkeling ....................................................................... 7
Geboorte Apgar-score. ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Reflexen .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Motorische ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................................... 8
Grove motorische ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 8
4 principes van groei .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 10
Zelfconcept ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Temperament ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Emoties ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Hechting ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Week 2: peuter- en kleutertijd ....................................................................................................................... 12
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 12
Cognitieve ontwikkeling Piaget ........................................................................................................................ 12
Piaget: pre-operationele fase ........................................................................................................................... 12
Conservatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pre-operationele fase. ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Informatieverwerkingstheorie .......................................................................................................................... 13
Taalontwikkeling peuters en kleuters ............................................................................................................... 13
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 14
Erikson, psychologische ontwikkeling............................................................................................................... 14
Theory of mind ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Voorbeelden TOM-test ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Vriendschappen. ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Sekserolontwikkeling → gender ....................................................................................................................... 15
Verklaringen ontstaan gender. ......................................................................................................................... 15
,Week 3: Schoolkind ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 16
Piaget: Concreet operationele fase en formeel operationele fase ................................................................... 16
Cognitieve ontwikkeling: Vygotsky ................................................................................................................... 16
Persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................ 17
Erikson, psychosociale ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 17
Identiteit: zelfomschrijving ............................................................................................................................... 17
Morele ontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Sociaalemotionele ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 18
Bronfenbrenner: Ecologische systeemtheorie .................................................................................................. 18
Invloed van ouders ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Opvoedingsstijl ................................................................................................................................................. 19
De veranderende thuisomgeving...................................................................................................................... 19
Echtscheiding.................................................................................................................................................... 19
Relaties met leeftijdsgenoten ........................................................................................................................... 20
Pesten ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
Week 4: Adolescentie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 21
Piaget: formeel operationele fase .................................................................................................................... 21
Meningen over/kritiek op Piaget ...................................................................................................................... 21
Informatieverwerkingstheorie .......................................................................................................................... 21
Onderwijsmijlpalen in de adolescentie ............................................................................................................. 22
Schoolprestaties ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Hoger onderwijs ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Genderverschillen in hoger onderwijs .............................................................................................................. 22
Stereotypering .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Psychosociale ontwikkeling: identiteit en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling. ...................................................... 23
Erikson. ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Identiteit versus identiteitsverwarring. ............................................................................................................ 23
Culturele identiteit ............................................................................................................................................ 24
James Marcia ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Fysieke ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 25
De puberteit...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Het begin van de puberteit. .............................................................................................................................. 25
Vroege en late rijping ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Hersenontwikkeling. ......................................................................................................................................... 26
, Sociale ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Leeftijdsgenoten ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Erbij horen: populariteit en afwijzing ............................................................................................................... 26
Genderrelaties .................................................................................................................................................. 27
Gezin en opvoeding .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Hoe beïnvloed digitale communicatie de ontwikkeling van adolescenten? ..................................................... 27
Week 5: jongvolwassenheid (+- 23-40 jaar) .................................................................................................... 28
Fysieke en cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................ 28
Fysieke ontwikkeling......................................................................................................................................... 28
Veroudering ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Denken vanaf de jongvolwassenheid ............................................................................................................... 28
Formeel of postformeel? .................................................................................................................................. 28
Het denken volgens Schaie ............................................................................................................................... 29
Verschillende stadia/fases: ............................................................................................................................... 29
Identiteit: de rol van werk en beroep ............................................................................................................... 29
Psychosociale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 30
Erikson .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Intimiteit versus isolement ............................................................................................................................... 30
Vriendschap ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Een relatie aangaan ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Sternberg .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Hechtingsstijlen en relaties............................................................................................................................... 31
Single zijn .......................................................................................................................................................... 32
De sociale klok .................................................................................................................................................. 32
Ouderschap ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Week 6: Middelbare leeftijd ........................................................................................................................... 33
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 33
Cognitieve achteruitgang en werk en beroep .................................................................................................. 33
Expert versus leek ............................................................................................................................................. 33
Geheugenontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Fysieke ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Lichamelijke achteruitgang .............................................................................................................................. 34
Vrouwelijke climacterium ................................................................................................................................. 34
Mannelijke climacterium .................................................................................................................................. 34
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 35
Erikson: psychosociale ontwikkeling................................................................................................................. 35
