Turgeon: Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 4th Edition Test Bank

Turgeon: Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 4th Edition Test Bank Chapter 1: An Overview of Immunology *Question also appears in Student Review Questions. MULTIPLE CHOICE * 1. The “father” of immunology is generally considered to be: a. Koch. b. Pasteur. c. Gram. d. Salk. ANS: B Louis Pasteur is considered to be the “father of immunology.” DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 1 2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the: a. Romans. b. Greeks. c. Chinese. d. Native Americans. ANS: C Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions. DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 1 *3 . A specific function of the immune system is to: a. Recognize self from nonself. b. Defend the body against nonself. c. Amplify specific functions. d. Both a and b. ANS: D The function of the immune system is to recognize “self” from “nonself” and to defend the body against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement). DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2 4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:Test Bank 1-2 a. Natural resistance. b. Acquired resistance to infectious diseases. c. An autoimmune disorder. d. Recovery from infectious disease. ANS: C The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2 *5. The first line of defense against infection is: a. Unbroken skin or mucous membranes. b. Phagocytosis. c. Antibody production. d. Antigen recognition. ANS: A The first line of defense, or first barrier to infection, is unbroken skin and mucosal membrane surfaces. DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2 6. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line of ____________ form defense mechanisms that become operational. a. cellular components b. humoral components c. secretions d. Both a and b ANS: D If a microorganism penetrates the skin or mucosal membranes, a second line of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms becomes operational. Secretions are an important component in the first line of defense against microbial invasion. DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3 *7. A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic stimulation is: a. Complement. b. Immunoglobulin. c. Increased secretion of mucus. d. Enhanced phagocytosis