NUR 3125 FNU Pathophysiology Quiz 5 /ANSWERS

 Question 1 2 out of 2 points When explaining the role of liver Kupffer cells to a group of nursing students, which of the following statements about the function of these cells is most accurate? Answer s: A. The primary function of Kupffer cells is to secrete bile. B. The role of the Kupffer cells is to provide at least 50% of cardiac output each minute to each lobular of the liver. C. These cells are the functional unit of the liver and are responsible for all liver secretions. D. The cells are capable of removing and phagocytizing old and defective blood cells. Response Feedback : Kupffer cells are reticuloendothelial cells that are capable of removing and phagocytizing old and defective blood cells, bacteria, and other foreign material from the portal blood as it flows through the sinusoid. This phagocytic action removes enteric bacilli and other harmful substances that filter into the blood from the intestine. Small tubular channels in the liver secrete bile. The functional unit of the liver is lobule. Approximately 25% of blood per minute enters the liver through the hepatic artery.  Question 2 2 out of 2 points A patient asks the nurse what it means when the doctor said that he had adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Reviewing the pathophysiologic principles behind this type of cancer, the nurse knows Answer s: A. this is a rare but highly metastatic tumor that has a very poor prognosis. B. that these types of cancer cells are very invasive to the tissue; therefore, the entire bladder must be removed. C. it is a low-grade tumor that is readily cured with bladder surgery. D. after resection of the cancer, the prognosis is excellent with this type of cancer cell. Response Feedback: Adenocarcinoma is rare and highly metastatic. Answer choices A and B relate to urothelial carcinoma; answer choice C relates to squamous cell carcinoma.  Question 3 2 out of 2 points A male patient comes to the clinic asking to speak to a health care provider privately. He reveals that he had shared a needle/syringe with a prostitute (shooting up cocaine) and then had unprotected sex. Upon questioning, it was revealed that the patient had not had any immunization for hepatitis B. Which of the following medications would the nurse anticipate administering today to this patient? Answer s: A. Hepatitis A vaccine B. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) C. Hepatitis C immunoglobulin (HCIG) D. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine Response Feedback : HBIG is used as an adjunct to hepatitis B vaccine for postexposure immunoprophylaxis to prevent HBV infections in high-risk populations. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine is for HIV preexposure coverage. There is no hepatitis C vaccine available on the market yet. Hepatitis A vaccine is for HAV, which is usually spread from fecal–oral routes.  Question 4 2 out of 2 points A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the client's liver and diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? Answer s: A. Allergic inflammation accompanied by an increase in serum IgE and basophils B. Hepatocellular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels C. Cholestatic reaction with increased bilirubin count D. Rapid onset of hepatitis and increased GGT, ALT, and bilirubin Response Feedback : Acetaminophen is commonly implicated in cases of direct hepatotoxicity, a situation that is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and increased ALT and AST levels. An allergic-type reaction is associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions, and cholestatic reactions and development of hepatitis are not noted to be associated with acetaminophen.  Question 5 2 out of 2 points Which of the following pain descriptions would lead the nurse to suspect the client is experiencing ureteral colic? Answer s: A. Right upper quadrant pain that worsens with deep breaths and palpation B. Perineal pain that increases when urinating and then lessens until the time to urinate again C. Excruciating pain in the flank and upper outer quadrant of the abdomen that radiates to the bladder area D. Pain described as “fire poking in their side,” pulsating with every heart beat but decreases when in fetal position Response Feedback: Classic ureteral colic is manifested by acute, intermittent, and excruciating pain in the flank and upper outer quadrant of the abdomen on the affected side. The pain may radiate to the lower abdominal quadrant, bladder area, perineum, or scrotum in the man.  Question 6 2 out of 2 points While reviewing the role of glucagon in regard to regulation of blood glucose, the nurse knows which of the following situations could lead to an inhibition of glucagon release?