Summary IB History Paper 1: Japanese Expansionism (21/24)

Paper 1 History: Japan
1.1The Originis of Japanese foreign policy (1853-1930)

 Nationalism
o Feeling passionate about your country, upseriour
 Militarism
o Country puting emphasis on the developmnet of Military
 Origins of Japanese Militarism and Nationalism

1. Wanting to become a western style power (great power in the world)
(eco, education..)
2. Sees it self as the power that should lead the Asian sphere (national
destiny) (dominated by europeans and americans)
3. Lacking arable land, resources: needs raw materials and
markets (Inperial power)
4. Is rightlfully facing discrimination by the western
powers: discrimination, not equal globally



 Before 1853 Japan was isolated nations
 1853 Comdore Mathew Perry (American)
o Arrives with new modern Navy
o Wanted to force open Japan, trade
o Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854
 Opening of Japanese Ports and Markets for America
 Unequal
 1868 Change: Meji Emperor
o Emperor will rise to involvement: limited form of democracy (new)
o Shows anger becuase of the humiliating treaties
 Reforms: look at who does things the best in the world and will
model them and improve
 Constitution is made (Political): Meji is devine (god) imperial line,
comander of the military
 Bicameral legislator (Diet): consent on financial matters
 Popular vote (tax paying males can vote: elite)
 Prime Minister + cabinet
 Economic
 Needs to become an industrial state
 Capital is needed
 "rich country, strong military"
 Self sufficiant
 Education
 Boys and Girls
 Illitiracy illiminated (indocrinated: loyalty, patioratism,
obligation)
 Fashion… European model
 Resources into modern navy and arms

,  Modernizing the army and adapting German military tactics
 New Navy is made with the help of the British
 Increase Taxes
 Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) (First)
o Japan defeats China: Korea was controlled by China
o Japan will take Taiwan, and Korea (Sphere of influence)
o This established Japan as a world power with an empire
 Effects: Germany, Russia and France are concerned with Japan’s
growth and impact of Asia
 Triple Intervention forced Japan to give up the Liaodong
Peninsula, Russia takes it for themselves
 GB and France take advantage of weakened China and take over
ports
 Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902
o Ended isolation
 Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)
o Over Manchuria
o Makes headlines
o Japan wins
 Treaty of Portsmith: Teddy Rosevelt
o Greater Sphere of influence in Asia: only got a part of an island
o Japan put Russia in its place
 After 1910 Korea is part of Japan (growing world power)
 1914 WW1: benefits
o Joins Allies (Britain, Russia and France)
o Move in Asia to seize all colonies from Germany
o Economic boom: supply goods to allies
 1919 Paris Peace Conference/ Treaty of Versailles
o Mandates: German colonies (take care of the colonies until self sufficient)
o Japan wanted a racial equality clause (feel like second class)
 Did not allow this, as USA and Britain were afraid of Japanese
immigration
 1920’s
o Internationalism (working together, avoiding war)
o Japan has an Embassator to Washington, later foreign minister, Prime
Minister (Kijuro)
o Washington Conference 1921

1. Four Power Treaty (US, GB, France, Japan)
 They will talk if issues about Asian holdings present
themselves
2. Nine Power Agreement
 Respect Chinese independence and sovereignty
3. Five Power Naval Treaty
 Ration of Military/Navy shipping
 5:5:3:1.75:1.75
 US, GB, Japan, France, Italy
 Size that the navy can grow to
o Problems in 1920s