,Chapter 1
Introduction and Basic Concepts
1-1 Thermodynamics and Energy
Application Areas of Thermodynamics
1-2 Importance of Dimensions and Units
Some SI and English Units
Dimensional Homogeneity
Unity Conversion Ratios
1-3 Systems and Control Volumes
1-4 Properties of a System
Continuum
1-5 Density and Specific Gravity
1-6 State and Equilibrium
The State Postulate
1-7 Processes and Cycles
The Steady-Flow Process
1-8 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature Scales
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)
1-9 Pressure
Variation of Pressure with Depth
1-10 The Manometer
Other Pressure Measurement Devices
1-11 The Barometer and Atmospheric Pressure
1-12 Problem-Solving Technique
Step 1: Problem Statement
Step 2: Schematic
Step 3: Assumptions and Approximations
Step 4: Physical Laws
Step 5: Properties
Step 6: Calculations
Step 7: Reasoning, Verification, and Discussion
Engineering Software Packages
A Remark on Significant Digits
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
,Chapter 2
Energy Conversion and General Energy Analysis
2-1 Introduction
2-2 Forms of Energy
Some Physical Insight to Internal Energy
Mechanical Energy
More on Nuclear Energy
2-3 Energy Transfer by Heat
Historical Background on Heat
2-4 Energy Transfer by Work
Electrical Work
2-5 Mechanical Forms of Work
Shaft Work
Spring Work
Work Done on Elastic Solid Bars
Work Associated with the Stretching of a Liquid Film
Work Done to Raise or to Accelerate a Body
Nonmechanical Forms of Work
2-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Balance
Energy Change of a System, ∆Esystem
Mechanisms of Energy Transfer, Ein and Eout
2-7 Energy Conversion Efficiencies
2-8 Energy and Environment
Ozone and Smog
Acid Rain
The Greenhouse Effect: Global Warming and Climate Change
Topic of Special Interest: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
Chapter 3
Properties of Pure Substances
3-1 Pure Substance
, 3-2 Phases of a Pure Substance
3-3 Phase-Change Processes of Pure Substances
Compressed Liquid and Saturated Liquid
Saturated Vapor and Superheated Vapor
Saturation Temperature and Saturation Pressure
Some Consequences of Tsat and Psat Dependence
3-4 Property Diagrams for Phase-Change Processes
1 The T-v Diagram
2 The P-v Diagram
Extending the Diagrams to Include the Solid Phase
3 The P-T Diagram
The P-v-T Surface
3-5 Property Tables
Enthalpy—A Combination Property
1a Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor States
1b Saturated Liquid–Vapor Mixture
2 Superheated Vapor
3 Compressed Liquid
Reference State and Reference Values
3-6 The Ideal-Gas Equation of State
Is Water Vapor an Ideal Gas?
3-7 Compressibility Factor—A Measure of Deviation from Ideal-Gas
Behavior
3-8 Other Equations of State
Van der Waals Equation of State
Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State
Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State
Virial Equation of State
Topic of Special Interest
Vapor Pressure and Phase Equilibrium
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
Chapter 4
Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
4-1 Moving Boundary Work
Polytropic Process
Introduction and Basic Concepts
1-1 Thermodynamics and Energy
Application Areas of Thermodynamics
1-2 Importance of Dimensions and Units
Some SI and English Units
Dimensional Homogeneity
Unity Conversion Ratios
1-3 Systems and Control Volumes
1-4 Properties of a System
Continuum
1-5 Density and Specific Gravity
1-6 State and Equilibrium
The State Postulate
1-7 Processes and Cycles
The Steady-Flow Process
1-8 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature Scales
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)
1-9 Pressure
Variation of Pressure with Depth
1-10 The Manometer
Other Pressure Measurement Devices
1-11 The Barometer and Atmospheric Pressure
1-12 Problem-Solving Technique
Step 1: Problem Statement
Step 2: Schematic
Step 3: Assumptions and Approximations
Step 4: Physical Laws
Step 5: Properties
Step 6: Calculations
Step 7: Reasoning, Verification, and Discussion
Engineering Software Packages
A Remark on Significant Digits
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
,Chapter 2
Energy Conversion and General Energy Analysis
2-1 Introduction
2-2 Forms of Energy
Some Physical Insight to Internal Energy
Mechanical Energy
More on Nuclear Energy
2-3 Energy Transfer by Heat
Historical Background on Heat
2-4 Energy Transfer by Work
Electrical Work
2-5 Mechanical Forms of Work
Shaft Work
Spring Work
Work Done on Elastic Solid Bars
Work Associated with the Stretching of a Liquid Film
Work Done to Raise or to Accelerate a Body
Nonmechanical Forms of Work
2-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Balance
Energy Change of a System, ∆Esystem
Mechanisms of Energy Transfer, Ein and Eout
2-7 Energy Conversion Efficiencies
2-8 Energy and Environment
Ozone and Smog
Acid Rain
The Greenhouse Effect: Global Warming and Climate Change
Topic of Special Interest: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
Chapter 3
Properties of Pure Substances
3-1 Pure Substance
, 3-2 Phases of a Pure Substance
3-3 Phase-Change Processes of Pure Substances
Compressed Liquid and Saturated Liquid
Saturated Vapor and Superheated Vapor
Saturation Temperature and Saturation Pressure
Some Consequences of Tsat and Psat Dependence
3-4 Property Diagrams for Phase-Change Processes
1 The T-v Diagram
2 The P-v Diagram
Extending the Diagrams to Include the Solid Phase
3 The P-T Diagram
The P-v-T Surface
3-5 Property Tables
Enthalpy—A Combination Property
1a Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor States
1b Saturated Liquid–Vapor Mixture
2 Superheated Vapor
3 Compressed Liquid
Reference State and Reference Values
3-6 The Ideal-Gas Equation of State
Is Water Vapor an Ideal Gas?
3-7 Compressibility Factor—A Measure of Deviation from Ideal-Gas
Behavior
3-8 Other Equations of State
Van der Waals Equation of State
Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State
Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State
Virial Equation of State
Topic of Special Interest
Vapor Pressure and Phase Equilibrium
Summary
References and Suggested Reading
Problems
Chapter 4
Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
4-1 Moving Boundary Work
Polytropic Process
