Public Health Policy Stanhope: Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community, 10th Edition,100% CORRECT

Public Health Policy Stanhope: Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse becomes actively involved in the development of a health policy in the community. Which of the following describes why this is an important role of the nurse? a. Government and policy have a large impact on nursing and health. b. Policy affects nursing values as set forth by Florence Nightingale. c. Political science is a course of study that parallels nursing. d. Nurses must interpret laws to fit their practice. ANS: A Nurses should be advocates for the health of the population. In order to do this, nurse professionals must have a working knowledge of government, health care law, the policy process, and the political forces that are shaping the future of health care. Policy does not affect nursing values. Political science does not parallel nursing. Nurses are unable to interpret laws to fit their practice. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 2. A nurse is employed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Which of the following branches of government is the nurse working for? a. Judicial b. Executive c. Legislative d. Health ANS: B NURSINGTB.COM The executive branch includes regulatory departments, one of which is the USDHHS. The judicial branch is composed of a system of federal, state, and local courts guided by the opinions of the Supreme Court. The legislative branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, whose members are elected by the citizens of particular geographic areas. There is not a health branch of the government. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 3. A nurse discusses with legislators the importance of passing legislation to ban smoking in all public places. Which of the following is the nurse becoming involved in? a. Policy b. Politics c. Law d. Health policy ANS: A Politics is the art of influencing others to accept a specific course of action. Therefore, political activities are used to arrive at a course of action (the policy). Policy is a settled course of action to be followed by a government or institution to obtain a desired end. Law is a system of privileges and processes by which people solve problems based on a set of established rules. Health policy is a set course of action to obtain a desired health outcome for an individual, family, group, community, or society. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 4. What was the first major federal government action relating to health? a. The Social Security Act b. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) c. The Public Health Service (PHS) d. Medicare and Medicaid ANS: C The first major federal governmental action relating to health was the creation in 1798 of the PHS. The Social Security Act was passed in 1935. The NIH was founded in 1887. Medicare and Medicaid were created in 1965. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 5. What is one effect of the use of block grants? a. A reduction of federal expenditures b. A decreased ability of sNtateRs toIspeGnd mBo.nCey oMn programming c. The guaranteed continuation of programs with demonstrated effectiveness d. The shift from hospital-based to community-based nursing care ANS: A Block grants enabled financial responsibility to shift from the federal level to the state level, thereby reducing expenditures. Block grants gave additional monies to state and local areas to improve access to care. Block grants have not caused a shift in care from hospital-based to community-based nursing care. Block grants have not guaranteed program continuation. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 6. What term described when planning, delivering, and financing responsibility for programs is shifted from the federal level to the state level? a. Evolution b. Devolution c. Block granting d. State administration ANS: B The process of shifting the responsibility for planning, delivering, and financing programs from the federal level to the state level is called devolution. This was a major effort during the Reagan administration. Block grants have increased because of devolution. State administration does not describe this shift of responsibility; rather it describes who is administering the program. Evolution describes how something is gradually developed. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 7. A nurse investigates the interpretation of a state’s right to grant abortions. Which of the following branches of government would the nurse be looking at? a. Executive b. Legislative c. Judicial d. Federal ANS: C The judicial branch interprets laws and their meaning, as in its ongoing interpretation of states’ rights to define access to reproductive health services for citizens of the states. The executive branch suggests, administers, and regulates policy. The legislative branch identifies problems and proposes, debates, passes, and modifies laws to address those problems. The federal branch refers to the top level of government agencies. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 8. A nurse acts to protect the NhealRth, sIafeGty, aBn.d CwelfMare of citizens, such as requiring immunizations of children before admission to school. Which of the following levels of power is being used? a. Executive b. Legislative c. Judicial d. Police ANS: D Police power is state power concerning health care. This power allows states to act to protect the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens. Executive power comes as the executive branch suggests, administers, and regulates policy. Legislative power occurs as this branch of government identifies problems and proposes, debates, passes, and modifies laws to address those problems. Judicial power occurs as the judicial branch interprets laws and their meaning, as in its ongoing interpretation of states’ rights to define access to reproductive health services for citizens of the states. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. A local health department provides a hypertension screening to all individuals. Which of the following general categories of health care functions is being used? a. Direct services b. Financing c. Information d. Policy setting ANS: A Direct services are actions that provide health care directly to individuals. Financing occurs as the government pays for health care services. Information is used as all branches and levels of government collect, analyze, and disseminate data about health care and health status of the citizens. Policy setting occurs as all branches of government make policy decisions about health care. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. A nurse is working for the federal government to provide for the protection of the public’s health. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely complete? a. Interpreting decisions related to women’s right to privacy b. Setting up immunization clinics for smallpox vaccine c. Regulating nursing at the state level d. Monitoring the influx of disease at the borders ANS: D The United States Constitution gives the federal government the authority to provide for the protection of the public’s health. By monitoring the influx of disease at the borders the public’s health is being protected. Interpreting decisions does not support the protection of the public’s health. Smallpox has been eradicated so it would not be necessary to set up immunization clinics. Regulation of nursing at the state level does not support protection of the public’s health by the feNderRal gIoveGrnmBen.t.C M U S N T O DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 11. A nurse provides health services for women and children in the community. Which of the following provides the provisions to offer these services? a. Sheppard-Towner Act b. Public Protection of Maternity and Infancy program c. Early Periodic Screening and Developmental Testing (EPSDT) program d. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program ANS: A The Sheppard-Towner Act also offered well-child and child-development services, provided adequate hospital services and facilities for women and children, and provided grants-in-aid for establishing maternal and child welfare programs. The Sheppard-Towner Act defined the role of the federal government in creating standards to be followed by states in conducting categorical programs, such as WIC and EPSDT programs. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 12. A nurse is interested in census data. Which federal department’s website would be a good place to start? a. Department of Labor (DOL) b. USDHHS c. Commerce Department d. World Health Organization (WHO) ANS: C The Commerce Department handles the United States Census and population estimates and projections. The DOL has information about the consumer price index, employment, and earnings. The USDHHS has information about the national vital statistics and several health-related surveys. The WHO has statistics about world health. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 13. A nurse researcher wants to get information on the occurrence of an internationally important disease. Which of the following websites would be the best place to seek this information? a. The United Nations b. The WHO c. The World Bank d. The World Health Assembly ANS: B The WHO publishes day-to-day information about international occurrence of disease, injury, and death. The United Nations deals with human rights, world peace, international security, and the promotion of economic and social advancement of all of the world’s people. The World Health Assembly is the WHO’s policy-making body. The World Bank provides funding for lesser-dUeveSlopeNd coTuntriesO. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 14. What is the focus of the Division of Nursing? a. Enhancing nursing’s competence in providing high-tech skills b. Applying disease prevention, environmental health, and health promotion concepts c. Providing scholarships for advanced nursing education d. Ensuring distribution of qualified nursing personnel to meet the nation’s health needs ANS: D The Division of Nursing is the key federal focus for nursing education and practice, and it provides national leadership to ensure an adequate supply and distribution of qualified nursing personnel to meet the health needs of the nation. The Division of Nursing does not enhance the competency of the profession. The Division of Nursing does not apply nursing concepts. The Division of Nursing does not provide scholarships. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 15. The agency most heavily involved with the health and welfare concerns of United States citizens is the: a. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). b. Public Health Service (PHS). c. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). d. World Health Organization (WHO). ANS: A The USDHHS is the agency most heavily involved with the health and welfare of United States citizens. It touches more lives than any other federal agency. The PHS was the first major federal government action relating to health. The Health Resources and Services Administration is part of the USDHHS. The WHO is concerned with access to health care across the world. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 16. A doctorally prepared nurse (PhD) at a university wants to submit a grant to study the impact of a nursing activity on patient outcomes. From which of the following federal agencies could this nurse potentially seek funding? a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) c. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) d. World Health Organization (WHO) ANS: B NINR funds the development of the knowledge base of nursing and promotion of nursing services in health care. The CUDCS, USNDHTHS, anOd WHO do not provide funding specific to nursing research. DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 17. A nurse is working with a member of the military. Which of the following describes the department that provides this person with health care services? a. Defense b. Labor c. Agriculture d. Justice ANS: A The Department of Defense (DOD) delivers health care to members of the military, including their dependents and survivors, and to retired members and their families. The DOL houses the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which imposes workplace requirements on industries. The Department of Agriculture houses the Food and Nutrition Service, which oversees a variety of food assistance activities. The Department of Justice (DOJ) provides health services to federal prisoners. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 18. An occupational health nurse maintains a log of injuries from contaminated sharps. Which of the following describes why the nurse must do this? a. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard b. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) c. Department of Labor (DOL) d. Department of Defense (DOD) ANS: A OSHA is part of the DOL. The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard became effective in 2002. This act clarified the responsibility of employers to select safer needle devices as they become available and to involve employees in identifying and choosing the devices. The updated standard also required employers to maintain a log of injuries from contaminated sharps. The DOD is not involved in these activities. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 19. A nurse supported the passage of needlestick legislation. Which of the following best describes the role of employers because of this legislation? a. Use universal precautions when dealing with all patients. b. Select safer needle devices as they became available. c. Provide needle disposal boxes. d. Incinerate all infectious waste, including needles. ANS: B Health care facilities by law must select safer needle devices and involve employees in identifying and choosing theUdevSicesN. ThTe needlOestick legislation did not address the use of universal precautions, provision of needle disposal boxes, or incineration of all infectious wastes. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 20. The Office of Homeland Security has a mission to rebuild the crumbling public health infrastructures of each state and to provide what service? a. Vaccines for smallpox b. Regulation of nuclear weapons c. Surveillance of bioterrorism threats d. Regulation of foreign nurses entering the United States ANS: C The USDHHS and the federal agency, the Office of Homeland Security, have provided funds to address serious bioterrorism threats to the people of the United States. The Office of Homeland Security does not provide vaccinations, regulation of nuclear weapons, or regulation of foreign nurses entering the United States. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment 21. The practices of health care providers, nurses, and other health care professionals are differentiated by which of the following? a. Health Resource and Services Administration (HRSA) b. State board of nursing c. Scope of practice d. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) ANS: C Scope of practice involves defining nursing, setting its credentials, and then distinguishing between the practices of nurses, physicians, and other health care providers. HRSA and USDHHS do not differentiate the practices of health care providers. The state board of nursing only addresses the scope of practice of nursing, not the other health care providers. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 22. A nurse is sued for malpractice and goes to court. Which of the following types of law is being used? a. Constitutional b. Common c. Judicial d. Institutional ANS: C Judicial law is based on court or jury decisions. Constitutional law provides overall guidance for selected practice situations. Common law means that judges are bound by previous decisions unless they are convinced that the older law is no longer relevant or valid. Institutional law is notUa tySpe oNf laTw that hOas importance in the United States. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 23. States have certain continuing education requirements for persons to renew a nursing license. Which of the following best describes the type of law that is being used? a. Constitutional law b. Legislation and regulation c. Judicial and common law d. Police power ANS: B Licensing is regulated by each state’s nurse practice act as a function of the board of nursing. Constitutional law provides overall guidance for selected practice situations. Judicial law is based on court or jury decisions. Common law means that judges are bound by previous decisions unless they are convinced that the older law is no longer relevant or valid. Police power is state power concerning health care. This power allows states to act to protect the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment 24. The state orders a person newly diagnosed with tuberculosis to be quarantined. Which of the following best describes the type of law that allows the state to do this? a. Constitutional b. Common c. Judicial d. State ANS: A Constitutional law provides overall guidance for selected practice situations. Judicial law is based on court or jury decisions. Common law means that judges are bound by previous decisions unless they are convinced that the older law is no longer relevant or valid. State law is not one of the types of law. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 25. A nurse is found to be negligent. Because of the doctrine of respondeat superior, who is responsible for the negligence? a. The institution’s administrator b. The nurse’s immediate supervisor c. The nurse’s employer d. The nurse ANS: C The doctrine of respondeat superior says that when a nurse is employed and functioning within the scope of that job, the one responsible for that negligence is the nurse’s employer. In some instances, if the agNencRy isIfouGnd lBCe, thMe agency may in turn sue the nurse for negligence. U S N T O DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 26. When a school nurse reports suspected child abuse, there is a breach of confidentiality. Which of the following best describes why this breach is allowed? a. Civil immunity b. Sovereign immunity c. Nurse practice act d. Respondeat superior ANS: A The law mandates that a health professional may breach patient confidentiality norms to protect someone who may be in a helpless or vulnerable position. Sovereign immunity states that PHN practice has been granted personal immunity to cover all aspects of their practice. The nurse practice act defines the nurse’s scope of practice. The doctrine of respondeat superior says that when a nurse is employed and functioning within the scope of that job, the one responsible for that negligence is the nurse’s employer. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 27. A nursing student is researching various health care services that are provided in prisons. Which of the following describes these services? a. Funded by the Department of Defense (DOD). b. Focus on health promotion interventions. c. Must be provided at an adequate level. d. Are available to those diagnosed with a chronic illness. ANS: C Health care services for prisoners are required at an adequate level for all incarcerated individuals. This is administered by the DOJ. Prisoners will receive health care services when diagnosed with chronic illnesses as well as acute illnesses. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 28. A nurse who is working in a home care setting attends a local legislative meeting. Which of the following best describes why the nurse needs to be knowledgeable of health policy? a. Provide safe nursing care. b. Prevent elder abuse. c. Receive payment for the services provided. d. Influence future legislation. ANS: C Although nurses should be involved in influencing future legislation by contacting their legislators, the best response is that nurses need to be knowledgeable of the current health policies needed so that payment can be received for services they are providing. Health policy does not address safe nursing care provision. Prevention of elder abuse can be part of health policy, but this is not tUhe mSainNreaTson whOy nurses should have this knowledge. DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 29. A nurse would like to propose legislation requiring all schools to employ a registered nurse. Which of the following would be the first step taken as the nurse implements the legislative process? a. Introducing the bill to the legislature b. Moving the bill to the other house c. Developing the policy option into a bill d. Hearings, testimony, and lobbying ANS: C The first step in the legislative process is developing the policy option into a bill. This is then followed by introducing the bill to the legislature; hearings, testimony, and lobbying; and the bill moving to the other house. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 30. A nurse believes additional funding is necessary to support a home-delivered meal program for the elderly. Which of the following would be the best way to share these ideas with a legislator? a. Send an email. b. Write a formal letter. c. Attend a town hall meeting. d. Schedule a face-to-face visit. ANS: D Face-to-face visits with legislators are viewed as the most effective means of communication. Sending an email, writing a letter, and attending a town hall meeting are all ways to share ideas with a legislator but are not viewed as the most effective method for sharing. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Congress’s legal base for actions in health care includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Providing for the general welfare b. Raising funds to support research c. Regulating commerce among the states d. Providing spending power e. Increasing revenue by rNaisiRng tIaxeGs B.C M ANS: A, B, C, D U S N T O The legal base for actions in health care includes providing for the general welfare, regulating commerce among the states, providing spending power, and raising funds to support the military. Increasing revenue is not part of Congress’s legal base for actions for health care. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 2. By what means does the Center for Disease Control (CDC) accomplish its mission? (Select all that apply.) a. Implementing prevention strategies b. Detecting and investigating health problems c. Dictating world health policy d. Fostering safe and healthful environments e. Protecting the population from bioterrorism events ANS: A, B, D The CDC implements prevention strategies, detects and investigates health problems, and fosters safe and healthful environments. The CDC operates within the United States, not worldwide. The Department of Homeland Security is concerned with protecting the population from bioterrorism, not the CDC. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 3. A nurse is writing to a legislator to advocate for funds to support advanced practice nursing education. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) a. Limit the letter to one page in length. b. Identify oneself as a nurse. c. Provide only factual information. d. Share personal knowledge about the issue. e. Arrange a face-to-face meeting as soon as possible. ANS: B, D When writing to a legislator, the letter should be a maximum of two pages in length and opinions should be expressed. Additionally, the nurse should identify oneself as a nurse and share knowledge about the issue. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care NURSINGTB.COM