Key Ideas and Details (R.1)
Summarizing a Complex Text (R.1.1)
The passage contains the TOPIC (or subject) and the CONTROLLING IDEA (or supporting
details)
● The topic is a noun or noun phrase that encapsulates the subject matter of the
writing
○ Examples of topics include: arteries, acid, alleles, mammals, and
recycling
● The author will include supporting details that show and support the point
the author is trying to make
Key Terms
Controlling Idea - The main idea of the text
Key Ideas - Ideas that support the controlling idea
Rephrase/Paraphrase - Explain an idea IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Infer the Logical Conclusion (R.1.2)
Making an INFERENCE involves using what you know to make a guess about what you don't
know, or reading between the lines.
● Identifying key terms is critical
○ Key terms include those that provide sequence or chronology, descriptive
words and phrases, and words that convey value judgments and opinions
○ Key terms can provide both explicit information and implicit information that
allows readers to make inferences.
● Many readers assume that making an inference and drawing a conclusion are the
same
○ An inference suggests an idea by details and evidence
○ A conclusion asks the reader to analyze and make a decision based on
predictions, details, evidence, and results.
Key Terms
Conclusion - A deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a passage.
Explicit - The information is DIRECTLY STATED within the passage.
Inferences - A conclusion reached by critical thinking.
Implications = Things NOT DIRECTLY STATED, but readers can ASSUME based on what the
author does say.
Logic - The framework of reasoning used to understand ideas
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