ODWOW 008088
THE PRINCIPLES CNS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1 THE BRAIN IS NOT ONLY THE ORGAN THAT TELLS
US WHO WE ARE
2 THE BRAIN IS AN EXTRAORDINARILY COMPLEX
STRUCTURE
3 THE CNS ESPECIALLY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG
ADULTS HAS A REMARKABLE CAPACITY TO
CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO EXPERIENCE plasticity
4 THE ABILITY OF THE CNS TO UNDERGO PLASTICITY
CAN BE MODIFIED BY CHEMICALS
SINGLE NERVECELLS
INGENIOUS BALANCE OF EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY
WITHOUT ACTION POTENTAS NO ACTION
CELL INHIBITED
LOST INHIBITED FUNCTION
Ex thinking feeling anxiety staying awake having
reflexes to pain adjusting the circulatory system
OR breathing
Neurons information is stored where feelings are sensed
and where actions are initiated
t
connectionsfrom
Gotherneuronsmake contact
topreceivingarea
iii
makescontact
w othernervecells or
musclecells andtransmit
signals to them
nerve cell held together by its cellmembrane
mixture of lipids Fats and proteins
non neuronal cells have cell membranes that are the same all over
Ex Blood cells muscle cells
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NERVE CELLS
Dendritic where axons from other nerve cells make contact
Axons transmitting fibers
, g
synapses point of contact
PRESYNAPTIC termination point of the axon
of the transmitting cell and at that
point the axon balloons from a very
small Fiber to a group of bulblike
Moffitt endings called the presynaptic terminals
PRESYNAPTIC terminals contain chemicals
Iptsyaggptic neurotransmitters released into space
toooo
betweenthe presynaptic terminal and
the dendrite of the postsynaptic cell
FUN Fact toxin in the ovaries of a puffer fish called tetrodotoxin
can paralyze the muscles responsible for breathing and
lead to death
synapse is the primary site of action of the majority of drugs that
affect human brain functions
most drugs act either at the presynaptic terminal where the
neurotransmitter is released or at the postsynaptic membrane
on the neurotransmitterreceptor
REMOVAL OF NEUROTRANSMITTER
1 molecules just diffuse away into otherareas where there are no receptors
and are removed by the general circulation of fluids in the brain
2 Specific chemicals that break the neurotransmitters into inactive parts that
are returned to the cells
3 Specific sites on the presynaptic terminal that attach to the active
neurotransmitter molecules and transport themback into the terminal for
release again
connections Between nerve cells
Dendritic receiving area of neurons is WHERE axons From OTHERNERVE CELLS MAKE
contact point of contact synapse
synapse complex structure consistino of the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions
presynaptic region termination point of the axon of transmittino cell and at that
point the axon Balloons From a very small FIBER to a Group of BULBLike ENDINGS
called the presynaptic terminals
These terminals contain chemicals neurotransmitters that are released into THE
space Between the presynapticTERMINAL ANDTHE DENDRITE OFTHE postsynaptic
cell
Ex the chemical called tetrodotoxin is sotoxic that eating just part of a Fish can
paralyze the muscles responsible FOR BREATHING AND LEADTO DEATH
Presynaptic terminal is the place WHERE Neurotransmitters ARE SYNTHESIZED
PACKAGED AND RELEASED
Neurotransmitter is ACCOMPLISHED IN THREEWAYS
1 molecules just Diffuse away into OTHER areas WHERE THERE are no receptors
THE PRINCIPLES CNS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1 THE BRAIN IS NOT ONLY THE ORGAN THAT TELLS
US WHO WE ARE
2 THE BRAIN IS AN EXTRAORDINARILY COMPLEX
STRUCTURE
3 THE CNS ESPECIALLY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG
ADULTS HAS A REMARKABLE CAPACITY TO
CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO EXPERIENCE plasticity
4 THE ABILITY OF THE CNS TO UNDERGO PLASTICITY
CAN BE MODIFIED BY CHEMICALS
SINGLE NERVECELLS
INGENIOUS BALANCE OF EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY
WITHOUT ACTION POTENTAS NO ACTION
CELL INHIBITED
LOST INHIBITED FUNCTION
Ex thinking feeling anxiety staying awake having
reflexes to pain adjusting the circulatory system
OR breathing
Neurons information is stored where feelings are sensed
and where actions are initiated
t
connectionsfrom
Gotherneuronsmake contact
topreceivingarea
iii
makescontact
w othernervecells or
musclecells andtransmit
signals to them
nerve cell held together by its cellmembrane
mixture of lipids Fats and proteins
non neuronal cells have cell membranes that are the same all over
Ex Blood cells muscle cells
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NERVE CELLS
Dendritic where axons from other nerve cells make contact
Axons transmitting fibers
, g
synapses point of contact
PRESYNAPTIC termination point of the axon
of the transmitting cell and at that
point the axon balloons from a very
small Fiber to a group of bulblike
Moffitt endings called the presynaptic terminals
PRESYNAPTIC terminals contain chemicals
Iptsyaggptic neurotransmitters released into space
toooo
betweenthe presynaptic terminal and
the dendrite of the postsynaptic cell
FUN Fact toxin in the ovaries of a puffer fish called tetrodotoxin
can paralyze the muscles responsible for breathing and
lead to death
synapse is the primary site of action of the majority of drugs that
affect human brain functions
most drugs act either at the presynaptic terminal where the
neurotransmitter is released or at the postsynaptic membrane
on the neurotransmitterreceptor
REMOVAL OF NEUROTRANSMITTER
1 molecules just diffuse away into otherareas where there are no receptors
and are removed by the general circulation of fluids in the brain
2 Specific chemicals that break the neurotransmitters into inactive parts that
are returned to the cells
3 Specific sites on the presynaptic terminal that attach to the active
neurotransmitter molecules and transport themback into the terminal for
release again
connections Between nerve cells
Dendritic receiving area of neurons is WHERE axons From OTHERNERVE CELLS MAKE
contact point of contact synapse
synapse complex structure consistino of the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions
presynaptic region termination point of the axon of transmittino cell and at that
point the axon Balloons From a very small FIBER to a Group of BULBLike ENDINGS
called the presynaptic terminals
These terminals contain chemicals neurotransmitters that are released into THE
space Between the presynapticTERMINAL ANDTHE DENDRITE OFTHE postsynaptic
cell
Ex the chemical called tetrodotoxin is sotoxic that eating just part of a Fish can
paralyze the muscles responsible FOR BREATHING AND LEADTO DEATH
Presynaptic terminal is the place WHERE Neurotransmitters ARE SYNTHESIZED
PACKAGED AND RELEASED
Neurotransmitter is ACCOMPLISHED IN THREEWAYS
1 molecules just Diffuse away into OTHER areas WHERE THERE are no receptors
