CHAPTER CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
ALDEHYDES/KETONES
ALDEHYDES
Definition: Those organic compounds which contain carbonyl group (-CO-) as well as
hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon atom are called “Aldehydes”. For
example, formaldehyde (H-CO-H), acetaldehyde (CH3-CO-H) etc.
KETONES
Definition: Those organic compounds which contain carbonyl group (-CO-) as well as alkyl
group directly attached to the carbonyl carbon atom are called “Ketones”. For example,
acetone (CH3-CO-CH3).
CARBONYL GROUP
Definition: The group which is composed of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen
atom is called “Carbonyl group” which is denoted by __CO__.
Typical examples of aldehydes and ketones having carbonyl group have been written as;
Nomenclature of Aldehydes
Common system
,Common names of aldehydes have been written as word “aldehyde” is written at the last.
Some common names of aldehydes are;
IUPAC system
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain having carbonyl group with terminal H atom
2. Number this carbon chain starting 1 from that carbon having terminal H atom.
3. IUPAC name of aldehydes are written as “Alkanals”.
4. Indicate the positions of different groups attached.
5. Other rules are same as written for alkanes.
Some IUPAC names of aldehydes have been written as;
Nomenclature of Ketones
Common system
, Common names of ketones are given as “Alkyl ketones”.
When the two groups are same, they are called symmetrical ketones. When they are different,
they are called unsymmetrical ketones.
Some common names of ketones have been written as;
IUPAC system
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain having carbonyl group with terminal alkyl
2. Number this carbon chain starting 1 from that carbon which is terminal alky group.
3. IUPAC name of ketones are written as “Alkanone”.
4. Indicate the positions of different groups attached.
5. When there are two carbonyl groups, they are named as ‘dione”.
6. Other rules are same as written for alkanes.
Some IUPAC names of ketones have been written as;
ALDEHYDES/KETONES
ALDEHYDES
Definition: Those organic compounds which contain carbonyl group (-CO-) as well as
hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon atom are called “Aldehydes”. For
example, formaldehyde (H-CO-H), acetaldehyde (CH3-CO-H) etc.
KETONES
Definition: Those organic compounds which contain carbonyl group (-CO-) as well as alkyl
group directly attached to the carbonyl carbon atom are called “Ketones”. For example,
acetone (CH3-CO-CH3).
CARBONYL GROUP
Definition: The group which is composed of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen
atom is called “Carbonyl group” which is denoted by __CO__.
Typical examples of aldehydes and ketones having carbonyl group have been written as;
Nomenclature of Aldehydes
Common system
,Common names of aldehydes have been written as word “aldehyde” is written at the last.
Some common names of aldehydes are;
IUPAC system
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain having carbonyl group with terminal H atom
2. Number this carbon chain starting 1 from that carbon having terminal H atom.
3. IUPAC name of aldehydes are written as “Alkanals”.
4. Indicate the positions of different groups attached.
5. Other rules are same as written for alkanes.
Some IUPAC names of aldehydes have been written as;
Nomenclature of Ketones
Common system
, Common names of ketones are given as “Alkyl ketones”.
When the two groups are same, they are called symmetrical ketones. When they are different,
they are called unsymmetrical ketones.
Some common names of ketones have been written as;
IUPAC system
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain having carbonyl group with terminal alkyl
2. Number this carbon chain starting 1 from that carbon which is terminal alky group.
3. IUPAC name of ketones are written as “Alkanone”.
4. Indicate the positions of different groups attached.
5. When there are two carbonyl groups, they are named as ‘dione”.
6. Other rules are same as written for alkanes.
Some IUPAC names of ketones have been written as;
