Chapter 1
Fundamentals of orgs in social welfare context
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Social service orgs ............................................................................................................................. 1
Origin of social service orgs ............................................................................................................ 3
Overview of SA social development paradigm & management of social service orgs . 3
Types of service orgs ........................................................................................................................ 3
Types of NGOs .................................................................................................................................... 6
Types according – level of orientation ..................................................................................... 6
Types according – level operation ............................................................................................. 7
Genetic norms & standards for social welfare services............................................................. 7
Orgal norms & standards ............................................................................................................ 7
Value of orgal strcs social service orgs .................................................................................... 8
Stakeholders social service orgs ................................................................................................ 9
Significance of social work social service orgs ....................................................................... 9
Challenges & Tensions: social welfare orgs ................................................................................. 9
Org = collection of people, working Emphasise rationality & goal-
together & coordinate their actions – directed nature.
achieve wide variety of goals. Orgs = often intended - → rational &
Social entity with collective goal goal-directed
& link – external environment. Often act contradictory ways.
Morye > Foundation on which strc = Legitimacy human service orgs gained
built. from wider institutional environment &
Related – developing framework social policy arrangements working
where work = divided manageable with people.
components – facilitate achievement of
objectives/goals. SOCIAL SERVICE ORGS
Non-profit orgs/charities provide basic
Strc/mechanism enables group of
indivs – work together – common goal. level of assistance – those need.
Page | 1
,Social service = variety of programmes Government sector & Non-government
made available → public/private orgs – sector.
indivs, groups, families & communities Government sector = strcred i.t.o.
need special assistance. National Department of Social
Variety of interchangeable terms: development, provincial department &
➢ Non-governmental orgs (NGO’s) district offices.
➢ Community-based orgs (CBO’s) Local governments, inter-sectoral &
➢ Civil Society orgs (CSO’s) state-owned orgs employ social service
➢ Non-Profit orgs (NPO’s) professionals: SWs.
➢ Human Service orgs DSD = Department of Social
➢ Social Welfare orgs development
NGOs, CBOs & CSOs = NPOs. Adhere - requirements
of DSD i.t.o. registration
NPOs work – vulnerability reduction as NPO based on NPO
Act.
social welfare. (provide voice – Provitable (Formal)
poor) Governed →
management committee,
consisting volunteers.
Create platforms for Non-government sector
relationships CBO's/social networks
Non-profitable & usually registered
characterised → mutual trust (Informal) at Department of Social
Development as NPO.
Aim = change face of SA’s
developmental state.
NPO Act 71 of 1997 defines NPO: trust, Various societal & developmental
company/other association of persons issues:
established for public purpose, income ➢ HIV awareness & prevention
& property of which distributable – ➢ Child-headed households
members/office bearers except as ➢ Environmental protection
reasonable compensation for services ➢ Poverty alleviation
rendered. ➢ Violence & victim aid
NPOs = faced with struggle – deal with Acknowledged that state deal with
consequences of government’s failure – issues effectively.
deal with many social welfare issues &
Role Social Service Orgs dealing with
challenge – differentiate themselves &
social & development issues=
stand out form masses – competitive
increasingly emphasised.
advantage.
Typology of social service orgs:
Page | 2
,SSOs working at grassroots level = able Intention = - tackle issues of poverty &
– recognise & identify societal inequality & promote social
vulnerabilities & risks earlier than development → integrating social
government sector. interventions with economic
development.
ORIGIN OF SOCIAL SERVICE ORGS
3 distinct concepts = introduced last
Roots = dealing with poverty &
year:
inequality.
➢ Social development
Linked with idea of charity work.
Process of planned social change
Monasteries (religious foundations)
designed – promote well-being of
served as comprehensive social service
population as whole conjunction
agencies acting as hospitals, age
homes, orphanages & travellers’ aid with dynamic process of economic
stations. development.
Middle age: Christian church influence ➢ Developmental social welfare
on EU society & charity considered – new welfare system moulded →
responsible & sign of piety. theory social development as
Charity = form direct relief as embodied SA WPSW.
opposed – trying – change root causes. ➢ Developmental SW
Effective bureaucracy = capable of type of SW relevant & practiced
large-scale charitable act & carried out – new developmental social welfare.
Early Modern Period. Implementation of new policy = huge
challenge.
Overview of SA social
Biggest = transform & align services
development paradigm & with new welfare policy.
management of social service orgs Provided with task of managing change
Inequalities of past corrected & far- – survive transformation.
reaching changes prepared.
TYPES OF SERVICE ORGS
Adopted WPSW; embraced
Social problem = issue society =
developmental approach.
difficult for people – achieve full
Distinction made between social
potential.
development, developmental social
Examples: poverty, malnutrition,
welfare & developmental SW.
unemployment, crime, substance abuse,
etc.
Page | 3
, Affect directly & indirectly. Difference of SW = SWs = concerned
Druggy driver can cause with internal factors influence behaviour
accident, chooses victims randomly & & external factors influence life.
according – race, religion, etc. SWs sees people from total perspective
Helping professions include: & works – resolve internal & external
➢ SW problems.
➢ Psychiatry 3 distinct groups of social service orgs
➢ PYC have impact on community life:
➢ Counselling
Org groupings Goal/Purpose
State/Government State = voted power elections & performs services
community & act = funded → imposing taxes on indivs &
institutions.
Private Impact = felt when meet needs & wants of indivs →
enterprises/business providing goods/services at price.
sector Public response = - make voluntary payment for products
& services.
NPOs Orgs beginning when indivs community agree – act
together for common purpose.
Initial financial support comes from founders, donors for
voluntary response.
Types of orgs: Involves appointing controlling body;
Corporations, governments, semi- drafting constitution; opening bank
government orgs, non-governmental account; registering org voluntarily
orgs, international orgs, armed forces, under Non-Profit Orgs Act; & registering
charities, not-for-profit corporations, org optionally as S21 Not-for-profit org
partnerships, cooperatives & under Companies Act/ as trust under
universities. Trust Deeds Act.
Org seeks recognition/looks for Non-profit sector suffered from global
resources beyond itself, has – establish isolation, restrictions, limited resources
formal institution/social welfare org. & inadequate relationships with other
sectors.
Page | 4
Fundamentals of orgs in social welfare context
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Social service orgs ............................................................................................................................. 1
Origin of social service orgs ............................................................................................................ 3
Overview of SA social development paradigm & management of social service orgs . 3
Types of service orgs ........................................................................................................................ 3
Types of NGOs .................................................................................................................................... 6
Types according – level of orientation ..................................................................................... 6
Types according – level operation ............................................................................................. 7
Genetic norms & standards for social welfare services............................................................. 7
Orgal norms & standards ............................................................................................................ 7
Value of orgal strcs social service orgs .................................................................................... 8
Stakeholders social service orgs ................................................................................................ 9
Significance of social work social service orgs ....................................................................... 9
Challenges & Tensions: social welfare orgs ................................................................................. 9
Org = collection of people, working Emphasise rationality & goal-
together & coordinate their actions – directed nature.
achieve wide variety of goals. Orgs = often intended - → rational &
Social entity with collective goal goal-directed
& link – external environment. Often act contradictory ways.
Morye > Foundation on which strc = Legitimacy human service orgs gained
built. from wider institutional environment &
Related – developing framework social policy arrangements working
where work = divided manageable with people.
components – facilitate achievement of
objectives/goals. SOCIAL SERVICE ORGS
Non-profit orgs/charities provide basic
Strc/mechanism enables group of
indivs – work together – common goal. level of assistance – those need.
Page | 1
,Social service = variety of programmes Government sector & Non-government
made available → public/private orgs – sector.
indivs, groups, families & communities Government sector = strcred i.t.o.
need special assistance. National Department of Social
Variety of interchangeable terms: development, provincial department &
➢ Non-governmental orgs (NGO’s) district offices.
➢ Community-based orgs (CBO’s) Local governments, inter-sectoral &
➢ Civil Society orgs (CSO’s) state-owned orgs employ social service
➢ Non-Profit orgs (NPO’s) professionals: SWs.
➢ Human Service orgs DSD = Department of Social
➢ Social Welfare orgs development
NGOs, CBOs & CSOs = NPOs. Adhere - requirements
of DSD i.t.o. registration
NPOs work – vulnerability reduction as NPO based on NPO
Act.
social welfare. (provide voice – Provitable (Formal)
poor) Governed →
management committee,
consisting volunteers.
Create platforms for Non-government sector
relationships CBO's/social networks
Non-profitable & usually registered
characterised → mutual trust (Informal) at Department of Social
Development as NPO.
Aim = change face of SA’s
developmental state.
NPO Act 71 of 1997 defines NPO: trust, Various societal & developmental
company/other association of persons issues:
established for public purpose, income ➢ HIV awareness & prevention
& property of which distributable – ➢ Child-headed households
members/office bearers except as ➢ Environmental protection
reasonable compensation for services ➢ Poverty alleviation
rendered. ➢ Violence & victim aid
NPOs = faced with struggle – deal with Acknowledged that state deal with
consequences of government’s failure – issues effectively.
deal with many social welfare issues &
Role Social Service Orgs dealing with
challenge – differentiate themselves &
social & development issues=
stand out form masses – competitive
increasingly emphasised.
advantage.
Typology of social service orgs:
Page | 2
,SSOs working at grassroots level = able Intention = - tackle issues of poverty &
– recognise & identify societal inequality & promote social
vulnerabilities & risks earlier than development → integrating social
government sector. interventions with economic
development.
ORIGIN OF SOCIAL SERVICE ORGS
3 distinct concepts = introduced last
Roots = dealing with poverty &
year:
inequality.
➢ Social development
Linked with idea of charity work.
Process of planned social change
Monasteries (religious foundations)
designed – promote well-being of
served as comprehensive social service
population as whole conjunction
agencies acting as hospitals, age
homes, orphanages & travellers’ aid with dynamic process of economic
stations. development.
Middle age: Christian church influence ➢ Developmental social welfare
on EU society & charity considered – new welfare system moulded →
responsible & sign of piety. theory social development as
Charity = form direct relief as embodied SA WPSW.
opposed – trying – change root causes. ➢ Developmental SW
Effective bureaucracy = capable of type of SW relevant & practiced
large-scale charitable act & carried out – new developmental social welfare.
Early Modern Period. Implementation of new policy = huge
challenge.
Overview of SA social
Biggest = transform & align services
development paradigm & with new welfare policy.
management of social service orgs Provided with task of managing change
Inequalities of past corrected & far- – survive transformation.
reaching changes prepared.
TYPES OF SERVICE ORGS
Adopted WPSW; embraced
Social problem = issue society =
developmental approach.
difficult for people – achieve full
Distinction made between social
potential.
development, developmental social
Examples: poverty, malnutrition,
welfare & developmental SW.
unemployment, crime, substance abuse,
etc.
Page | 3
, Affect directly & indirectly. Difference of SW = SWs = concerned
Druggy driver can cause with internal factors influence behaviour
accident, chooses victims randomly & & external factors influence life.
according – race, religion, etc. SWs sees people from total perspective
Helping professions include: & works – resolve internal & external
➢ SW problems.
➢ Psychiatry 3 distinct groups of social service orgs
➢ PYC have impact on community life:
➢ Counselling
Org groupings Goal/Purpose
State/Government State = voted power elections & performs services
community & act = funded → imposing taxes on indivs &
institutions.
Private Impact = felt when meet needs & wants of indivs →
enterprises/business providing goods/services at price.
sector Public response = - make voluntary payment for products
& services.
NPOs Orgs beginning when indivs community agree – act
together for common purpose.
Initial financial support comes from founders, donors for
voluntary response.
Types of orgs: Involves appointing controlling body;
Corporations, governments, semi- drafting constitution; opening bank
government orgs, non-governmental account; registering org voluntarily
orgs, international orgs, armed forces, under Non-Profit Orgs Act; & registering
charities, not-for-profit corporations, org optionally as S21 Not-for-profit org
partnerships, cooperatives & under Companies Act/ as trust under
universities. Trust Deeds Act.
Org seeks recognition/looks for Non-profit sector suffered from global
resources beyond itself, has – establish isolation, restrictions, limited resources
formal institution/social welfare org. & inadequate relationships with other
sectors.
Page | 4
