Medical Surgical Nursing
Saturday, September 18, 2021
Chemotherapy
MANAGEMENT OF CANCER Radiotherapy
Some cancers actually progress so slowly that the situation can be Hormone Therapy
monitored for a while before the type of treatment is selected and Targeted Cancer Drugs
started. Radiofrequency Ablation
Surgery is often sufficient for the treatment of small malignant tumors. Cryotherapy
But sometimes it’s possible to use chemotherapy or drug therapy instead. Cure - complete eradication of malignant disease
The treatment of large tumors involves various combinations of surgery, Control – prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth
radio therapy and drug therapy. This surgery can be supplemented with Palliation – relief of symptoms associated with the disease
other cancer therapies to treat your cancer patients. Everyone with
cancer wants to receive treatment as soon as possible but waiting for THE MAIN FORMS OF CANCER TREATMENT ARE:
the treatment can heighten their anxiety. However, it is not usually possible Cancer surgery (surgical treatment/surgical Interventions)
to start the treatment immediately once a diagnosis is confirmed, further Radiotherapy/Radiation Therapy
test needs to carry out. … Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
WHO IS THE CANCER CARE TEAM? The choice of treatment is influenced by the location of the tumor,
All those involved with a patient during and after their care is part of the distribution, cell type and the patients overall condition as well as other
Cancer Care Team. This includes: illnesses. …
The Treatment Team Immunotherapy
o Physicians Bone Marrow Transplantation
o Nurses
o Radiation therapists CANCER TREATMENT IN PRACTICE
o Physicists Patients receive cancer therapy in the hospital. As test progress, the
o Dosimetrists patient is transferred from the care at health center to a specialized
o Social workers care.
o Receptionists Cancer treatment is always personalized. So you are always putting the
Family and Friends patient first. Treatment is usually carried out under the supervision of an
oncologist at an oncology clinic or ward. Treatment plan involves specialist
THE PURPOSE OF CANCER TREATMENTS: from the different medical field rare and particularly difficult cases of
Cancer Improves cancer are treated at the hospital.
The Disease Is Brought Under Control Post treatment monitoring is carried out on an individual basis. At first
Cancer Recurrence Is Prevented patient are usually under specialist observation and then later at the health
The Symptoms caused by the tumor are alleviated center or if they have private nurse. In cases of incurable cancer, at some
point patient are transferred for specialized treatment at health center
CANCER MANAGEMENT or hospitals and individual plans for symptomatic treatment are drawn up
Specific to type, stage, grade of cancer for the patient. In addition to receiving health center care, patients may
Palliative treatment is designed to relieve symptoms, and improve your receive palliative or supportive care at health care units at the oncology
quality of life. It can be used at any stage of an illness if there are troubling clinics. So your palliative care is provided at individual hospices or health
symptoms, such as pain or sickness. center palliative care unit or hospitals.
It can also be used to reduce or control the side effects of cancer DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER TREATMENT
treatments. In advanced cancer, palliative treatment might help someone COMBINATION THERAPY
to live longer and to live comfortably, even if they cannot be cured. Refers to the combined use of many treatment forms, such as
surgery, radiotherapy and drugs.
The treatment is not limited to painkillers and anti-sickness drugs. Cancer Purpose: to increase the patient’s scope for recovery.
treatments can also reduce or get rid of symptoms. For example, they can This combination therapy is used because the cancer cells can be touch
help to reduce pain by shrinking a tumour and reducing pressure on nerves from the tumor and pass elsewhere in the body. Sometimes even in the
or surrounding tissues. Treatments used in this way include: early stage which surgery can be able to prevent.
FERLENE CLYDE P. CAPAPAS, SN. 1
, ADJUVANT/ SUPPLEMENTARY THERAPY has spread to nearby lymph nodes, adjuvant therapy may be
Is used to supplement surgery is used to destroy detached more beneficial.
cancer cells. Number of lymph nodes involved. The more lymph nodes involved,
Radiotherapy or chemotherapy provided following surgery are the greater the chance that cancer cells will be left behind
forms of adjuvant therapy. after local therapy, such as surgery.
Purpose: to ensure that cancer cells are destroyed, thereby Hormone receptivity. Hormone therapy won't be effective if
improving the patient’s prognosis. your tumor is not hormonally sensitive.
Adjuvant therapy is often used after primary treatments, such as Other cancer-specific changes. Certain cancers may have
surgery, to lessen the chance of your cancer coming back. Even if your specific changes within their cells that indicate the likelihood that
surgery was successful at removing all visible cancer, microscopic bits of your cancer will return, making adjuvant therapy more likely to
cancer sometimes remain and are undetectable with current methods. be beneficial. If tests show your cancer is unlikely to recur,
adjuvant therapy may offer little benefit.
Adjuvant therapy given before the main treatment is called neoadjuvant Receiving adjuvant therapy doesn't guarantee your cancer won't recur. It
therapy. This type of adjuvant therapy can also decrease the chance of can, however, help reduce the risk that your cancer will come back.
the cancer coming back, and it's often used to make the primary
treatment — such as an operation or radiation treatment — easier or SUPPORTIVE THERAPY
more effective. It alleviates symptoms caused by cancer or its treatment. It can improve
the patient’s wellbeing during and after the period of treatment.
Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy can cause significant side effects, and For instance, the anti-nausea medication used during chemotherapy is a
these treatments don't benefit everyone. form of supportive therapy.
Cancer pain treatment is another form of supportive therapy.
TYPES OF CANCER TREATMENT THAT ARE USED AS ADJUVANT THERAPY
INCLUDE: PALLIATIVE CARE
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells It alleviates the patient’s physical and psychological symptoms to improve
throughout the body. the quality of life.
Hormone therapy. For cancers sensitive to hormones, certain Palliative care is used in cancer treatment or to treat the symptoms arising
treatments can stop hormone production in your body or block from cancer treatment. Palliative care can be provided for months or even
the effect of hormones. years.
Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy The most common symptoms treated in palliative care are pain,
beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells. It can be constipation, nausea, confusion and fatigue.
given internally or externally. Palliative care is provided in tandem with curative treatment immediately
Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works with your body's immune following cancer diagnosis.
system to fight off any remaining cancer cells by stimulating
your body's own defenses or supplementing them. TREATMENT FATIGUE
Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy is designed to alter specific Up to 50% – 90% of cancer patients suffer from treatment fatigue
abnormalities present within cancer cells. For example, a during their illness and periods of treatment.
targeted therapy is available to block the action of a protein This involves: extreme tiredness and fatigue that does not pass simply with
called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in sleeping and resting.
women with breast cancer.
THE MAIN FORMS OF CANCER TREATMENT ARE:
HOW EFFECTIVE IS ADJUVANT THERAPY? CANCER SURGERY (SURGICAL TREATMENT)
Because none of these treatments is completely harmless, it's important RADIOTHERAPY
to determine the risks of adjuvant therapy versus the benefits. The HORMONE THERAPY.
following factors can help you and your doctor determine whether CHEMOTHERAPY
adjuvant therapy is appropriate for you and, if so, which type:
CANCER SURGERY
Type of cancer. Treating certain types of cancer, such as Surgery is the first option in the treatment of many firm malignant tumors.
breast and colon cancer, with adjuvant therapy can be very Surgery is done to treat cancer and removes the cancerous tumor and
beneficial. For some other types of cancer, there might not be the healthy tissue surrounding it to prevent the spread of the tumor locally.
a benefit. The extent of surgery to treat cancer and its successful outcome vary
Stage of cancer. A cancer's stage refers to the extent of the according to
cancer. If the cancer is at a very early stage — before it has The type of cancer,
had time to spread — then the chance of cancer recurring Its stage,
after surgery may be very small. Adjuvant therapy may offer Size,
little benefit in this case. But if a cancer is at a later stage or it Distribution
Location
FERLENE CLYDE P. CAPAPAS, SN. 2
Saturday, September 18, 2021
Chemotherapy
MANAGEMENT OF CANCER Radiotherapy
Some cancers actually progress so slowly that the situation can be Hormone Therapy
monitored for a while before the type of treatment is selected and Targeted Cancer Drugs
started. Radiofrequency Ablation
Surgery is often sufficient for the treatment of small malignant tumors. Cryotherapy
But sometimes it’s possible to use chemotherapy or drug therapy instead. Cure - complete eradication of malignant disease
The treatment of large tumors involves various combinations of surgery, Control – prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth
radio therapy and drug therapy. This surgery can be supplemented with Palliation – relief of symptoms associated with the disease
other cancer therapies to treat your cancer patients. Everyone with
cancer wants to receive treatment as soon as possible but waiting for THE MAIN FORMS OF CANCER TREATMENT ARE:
the treatment can heighten their anxiety. However, it is not usually possible Cancer surgery (surgical treatment/surgical Interventions)
to start the treatment immediately once a diagnosis is confirmed, further Radiotherapy/Radiation Therapy
test needs to carry out. … Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
WHO IS THE CANCER CARE TEAM? The choice of treatment is influenced by the location of the tumor,
All those involved with a patient during and after their care is part of the distribution, cell type and the patients overall condition as well as other
Cancer Care Team. This includes: illnesses. …
The Treatment Team Immunotherapy
o Physicians Bone Marrow Transplantation
o Nurses
o Radiation therapists CANCER TREATMENT IN PRACTICE
o Physicists Patients receive cancer therapy in the hospital. As test progress, the
o Dosimetrists patient is transferred from the care at health center to a specialized
o Social workers care.
o Receptionists Cancer treatment is always personalized. So you are always putting the
Family and Friends patient first. Treatment is usually carried out under the supervision of an
oncologist at an oncology clinic or ward. Treatment plan involves specialist
THE PURPOSE OF CANCER TREATMENTS: from the different medical field rare and particularly difficult cases of
Cancer Improves cancer are treated at the hospital.
The Disease Is Brought Under Control Post treatment monitoring is carried out on an individual basis. At first
Cancer Recurrence Is Prevented patient are usually under specialist observation and then later at the health
The Symptoms caused by the tumor are alleviated center or if they have private nurse. In cases of incurable cancer, at some
point patient are transferred for specialized treatment at health center
CANCER MANAGEMENT or hospitals and individual plans for symptomatic treatment are drawn up
Specific to type, stage, grade of cancer for the patient. In addition to receiving health center care, patients may
Palliative treatment is designed to relieve symptoms, and improve your receive palliative or supportive care at health care units at the oncology
quality of life. It can be used at any stage of an illness if there are troubling clinics. So your palliative care is provided at individual hospices or health
symptoms, such as pain or sickness. center palliative care unit or hospitals.
It can also be used to reduce or control the side effects of cancer DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER TREATMENT
treatments. In advanced cancer, palliative treatment might help someone COMBINATION THERAPY
to live longer and to live comfortably, even if they cannot be cured. Refers to the combined use of many treatment forms, such as
surgery, radiotherapy and drugs.
The treatment is not limited to painkillers and anti-sickness drugs. Cancer Purpose: to increase the patient’s scope for recovery.
treatments can also reduce or get rid of symptoms. For example, they can This combination therapy is used because the cancer cells can be touch
help to reduce pain by shrinking a tumour and reducing pressure on nerves from the tumor and pass elsewhere in the body. Sometimes even in the
or surrounding tissues. Treatments used in this way include: early stage which surgery can be able to prevent.
FERLENE CLYDE P. CAPAPAS, SN. 1
, ADJUVANT/ SUPPLEMENTARY THERAPY has spread to nearby lymph nodes, adjuvant therapy may be
Is used to supplement surgery is used to destroy detached more beneficial.
cancer cells. Number of lymph nodes involved. The more lymph nodes involved,
Radiotherapy or chemotherapy provided following surgery are the greater the chance that cancer cells will be left behind
forms of adjuvant therapy. after local therapy, such as surgery.
Purpose: to ensure that cancer cells are destroyed, thereby Hormone receptivity. Hormone therapy won't be effective if
improving the patient’s prognosis. your tumor is not hormonally sensitive.
Adjuvant therapy is often used after primary treatments, such as Other cancer-specific changes. Certain cancers may have
surgery, to lessen the chance of your cancer coming back. Even if your specific changes within their cells that indicate the likelihood that
surgery was successful at removing all visible cancer, microscopic bits of your cancer will return, making adjuvant therapy more likely to
cancer sometimes remain and are undetectable with current methods. be beneficial. If tests show your cancer is unlikely to recur,
adjuvant therapy may offer little benefit.
Adjuvant therapy given before the main treatment is called neoadjuvant Receiving adjuvant therapy doesn't guarantee your cancer won't recur. It
therapy. This type of adjuvant therapy can also decrease the chance of can, however, help reduce the risk that your cancer will come back.
the cancer coming back, and it's often used to make the primary
treatment — such as an operation or radiation treatment — easier or SUPPORTIVE THERAPY
more effective. It alleviates symptoms caused by cancer or its treatment. It can improve
the patient’s wellbeing during and after the period of treatment.
Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy can cause significant side effects, and For instance, the anti-nausea medication used during chemotherapy is a
these treatments don't benefit everyone. form of supportive therapy.
Cancer pain treatment is another form of supportive therapy.
TYPES OF CANCER TREATMENT THAT ARE USED AS ADJUVANT THERAPY
INCLUDE: PALLIATIVE CARE
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells It alleviates the patient’s physical and psychological symptoms to improve
throughout the body. the quality of life.
Hormone therapy. For cancers sensitive to hormones, certain Palliative care is used in cancer treatment or to treat the symptoms arising
treatments can stop hormone production in your body or block from cancer treatment. Palliative care can be provided for months or even
the effect of hormones. years.
Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy The most common symptoms treated in palliative care are pain,
beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells. It can be constipation, nausea, confusion and fatigue.
given internally or externally. Palliative care is provided in tandem with curative treatment immediately
Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works with your body's immune following cancer diagnosis.
system to fight off any remaining cancer cells by stimulating
your body's own defenses or supplementing them. TREATMENT FATIGUE
Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy is designed to alter specific Up to 50% – 90% of cancer patients suffer from treatment fatigue
abnormalities present within cancer cells. For example, a during their illness and periods of treatment.
targeted therapy is available to block the action of a protein This involves: extreme tiredness and fatigue that does not pass simply with
called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in sleeping and resting.
women with breast cancer.
THE MAIN FORMS OF CANCER TREATMENT ARE:
HOW EFFECTIVE IS ADJUVANT THERAPY? CANCER SURGERY (SURGICAL TREATMENT)
Because none of these treatments is completely harmless, it's important RADIOTHERAPY
to determine the risks of adjuvant therapy versus the benefits. The HORMONE THERAPY.
following factors can help you and your doctor determine whether CHEMOTHERAPY
adjuvant therapy is appropriate for you and, if so, which type:
CANCER SURGERY
Type of cancer. Treating certain types of cancer, such as Surgery is the first option in the treatment of many firm malignant tumors.
breast and colon cancer, with adjuvant therapy can be very Surgery is done to treat cancer and removes the cancerous tumor and
beneficial. For some other types of cancer, there might not be the healthy tissue surrounding it to prevent the spread of the tumor locally.
a benefit. The extent of surgery to treat cancer and its successful outcome vary
Stage of cancer. A cancer's stage refers to the extent of the according to
cancer. If the cancer is at a very early stage — before it has The type of cancer,
had time to spread — then the chance of cancer recurring Its stage,
after surgery may be very small. Adjuvant therapy may offer Size,
little benefit in this case. But if a cancer is at a later stage or it Distribution
Location
FERLENE CLYDE P. CAPAPAS, SN. 2
