Ana de Luca
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: HORMONAL to generate male functionsaftersexualmaturity is reached. But
CONTROL,HYPOPHYSISAND HYPOTHALAMUS for this it is necessarythat sexual steroids circulate again
during the periodof sexual activity,producing ACTIVATING
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM EFFECTSon the nervous system and otherorgans.
They vary widely among espiscies.
Steroids can influence neurônios in two general ways:
! Behaviors depend onthe structureand function of the nervous
system -encisphallus of males and fêmeas = are First, they can act quickly (in a questof secondsor less), altering
somehowdistinct; that is, they must present sexual membrane excitability, sensitivity to
dimorphisms (from Greek, dimorphos, "having two forms"). neurotransmitters,orneurotransmitter release.
! Nervous systems of males and fêmeasare differentbecause the
bodies of males and thefêmeasarealso distintos. Second, steroids can diffuser-if through isthe plasma
! Body parts thatareunique to each sex require neural systems membraneand bind to specific types of receptors for steroids in
that have specificallyevolvedtocontrol them. thecytoplasmandthe numberof cells. Steroid-linked receptors can
promote or inhibittranscriptionofspecific genesinthe number,a
For that, you must know... process thatcan takeminutes orhours.
- Neurobiol mechanismsthatgenerate these dimorfism.
Alism of estrogens and androgens produced by fetal gônadas,
- Relationshipbetween encis phallus and behavior.
maternal hormones arrivingfromthe placentareaching
thecirculationofthe fetus.
SEX HORMONES, NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR
Aninterestingquestion is why the stropesof the mã anddonot
A variety of factors,whichare related totheculture and
alter the sexual development of enc is fetalphallus?
experiencesexperienced, can make a behavior more common in
one sex than inthe other.
In rats and mice, the answer to this dilemma is α- fetoproteína,
aproteinfoundin high concentrationsin the blood ofthe fetus,
The types ofsexual hormonescirculating in the blood are
which bindsto thestropges and protects the female fetus from
determined bythe gônadas, and the dimorphism of the gônadas
masculinizationof SN.
is usually specified by our genes.
It is believed that the role of the fetoproteína is the same.
The pes with a Y chromosome express afactor (factor of
determination of the tes[ culos,TDF or SRY – American
Clearly, the identity of gênero involves a
acronym)that makes gô ôo nada undifferentiated become
complexinterrelationshipbetween genética, hormônios
ates[culo); people who are nottisthischromosome Y do
andexperiencesof life.
notproduce TDF, and their gônadasdiffer inovarios.
For the sexualdifferentiationofthe nervoussystem, the tes[ culos[
SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
culos[androgênios, which trigger the masculinizationofthe
nervous system byregulating the expressionof a variety of genes
In the encisphallus of beings humanos, the dimorphisms found
related tosex.
atis now subtle,insmallnumber orwith função unknown.
In theaus ência de androgênios,there is a feminizationofthe
The differencesbetween theencs arephallitiesof men and women
developing nervous system, by means ofa pattern that is tend tovary over a period oftime, withmanyoverlaps.
differentfromexpression.
A certain amic hypotalnumber may, in misday,be larger in women
Androg eniosgenerate a signalto the riverforthe
than in men, for example, butvariations in the size of the
masculinizationofthenervous system, in the same way as in other
numbermay bethe greatthat many men could present this
sexually dimtissuesofthe body.
numberwith size larger than manywomen.
Ironically, it is a "female" horm ônio, and nottestosterone, which
Few neuralstructures are dimorficasarerelated totheir
causesthe changes inthe expressionthatareresponsibleforthe
sexualfunctionsin a way that isbvia.
masculinizationof theencephalismale phallus. Remember that
testosterone is converted into teresteral estradiolof the neuronal
A related structure is the set of neuronsand spinal motors that
cytoplasm, inasingle chemicalstep, catalyzed by the aromatase
instill thebulbous (BC) cells, which surround the base of the pênis.
enzyme.
Thesearea roleinthepenile andpenile and helpin the mic.
Thus, the increase in testosterone,whichoccursin the pr period,
actually leads to an increase inestrogen, which binds to estradiol
Both women and men haveasingle BC.
receptors, triggering the masculinization ofthe developingnervous
system.
In women, it surrounds the opening of the vagina and
serves to constrine it lightly.
! ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS of this hormônio organize the
perinaltissues in an irreversible way, which allowsthesetissues
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: HORMONAL to generate male functionsaftersexualmaturity is reached. But
CONTROL,HYPOPHYSISAND HYPOTHALAMUS for this it is necessarythat sexual steroids circulate again
during the periodof sexual activity,producing ACTIVATING
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM EFFECTSon the nervous system and otherorgans.
They vary widely among espiscies.
Steroids can influence neurônios in two general ways:
! Behaviors depend onthe structureand function of the nervous
system -encisphallus of males and fêmeas = are First, they can act quickly (in a questof secondsor less), altering
somehowdistinct; that is, they must present sexual membrane excitability, sensitivity to
dimorphisms (from Greek, dimorphos, "having two forms"). neurotransmitters,orneurotransmitter release.
! Nervous systems of males and fêmeasare differentbecause the
bodies of males and thefêmeasarealso distintos. Second, steroids can diffuser-if through isthe plasma
! Body parts thatareunique to each sex require neural systems membraneand bind to specific types of receptors for steroids in
that have specificallyevolvedtocontrol them. thecytoplasmandthe numberof cells. Steroid-linked receptors can
promote or inhibittranscriptionofspecific genesinthe number,a
For that, you must know... process thatcan takeminutes orhours.
- Neurobiol mechanismsthatgenerate these dimorfism.
Alism of estrogens and androgens produced by fetal gônadas,
- Relationshipbetween encis phallus and behavior.
maternal hormones arrivingfromthe placentareaching
thecirculationofthe fetus.
SEX HORMONES, NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR
Aninterestingquestion is why the stropesof the mã anddonot
A variety of factors,whichare related totheculture and
alter the sexual development of enc is fetalphallus?
experiencesexperienced, can make a behavior more common in
one sex than inthe other.
In rats and mice, the answer to this dilemma is α- fetoproteína,
aproteinfoundin high concentrationsin the blood ofthe fetus,
The types ofsexual hormonescirculating in the blood are
which bindsto thestropges and protects the female fetus from
determined bythe gônadas, and the dimorphism of the gônadas
masculinizationof SN.
is usually specified by our genes.
It is believed that the role of the fetoproteína is the same.
The pes with a Y chromosome express afactor (factor of
determination of the tes[ culos,TDF or SRY – American
Clearly, the identity of gênero involves a
acronym)that makes gô ôo nada undifferentiated become
complexinterrelationshipbetween genética, hormônios
ates[culo); people who are nottisthischromosome Y do
andexperiencesof life.
notproduce TDF, and their gônadasdiffer inovarios.
For the sexualdifferentiationofthe nervoussystem, the tes[ culos[
SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
culos[androgênios, which trigger the masculinizationofthe
nervous system byregulating the expressionof a variety of genes
In the encisphallus of beings humanos, the dimorphisms found
related tosex.
atis now subtle,insmallnumber orwith função unknown.
In theaus ência de androgênios,there is a feminizationofthe
The differencesbetween theencs arephallitiesof men and women
developing nervous system, by means ofa pattern that is tend tovary over a period oftime, withmanyoverlaps.
differentfromexpression.
A certain amic hypotalnumber may, in misday,be larger in women
Androg eniosgenerate a signalto the riverforthe
than in men, for example, butvariations in the size of the
masculinizationofthenervous system, in the same way as in other
numbermay bethe greatthat many men could present this
sexually dimtissuesofthe body.
numberwith size larger than manywomen.
Ironically, it is a "female" horm ônio, and nottestosterone, which
Few neuralstructures are dimorficasarerelated totheir
causesthe changes inthe expressionthatareresponsibleforthe
sexualfunctionsin a way that isbvia.
masculinizationof theencephalismale phallus. Remember that
testosterone is converted into teresteral estradiolof the neuronal
A related structure is the set of neuronsand spinal motors that
cytoplasm, inasingle chemicalstep, catalyzed by the aromatase
instill thebulbous (BC) cells, which surround the base of the pênis.
enzyme.
Thesearea roleinthepenile andpenile and helpin the mic.
Thus, the increase in testosterone,whichoccursin the pr period,
actually leads to an increase inestrogen, which binds to estradiol
Both women and men haveasingle BC.
receptors, triggering the masculinization ofthe developingnervous
system.
In women, it surrounds the opening of the vagina and
serves to constrine it lightly.
! ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS of this hormônio organize the
perinaltissues in an irreversible way, which allowsthesetissues
