Chapter 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport Banasik: Testbank Pathophysiology, 6th Edition

Chapter 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition Chapter 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the a. bone marrow. b. kidney. c. lung. d. liver. ANS: B Erythropoietin is a hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream by the kidney. Bone marrow is not responsible for the production of erythropoietin. Hypoxia from low hemoglobin levels causes a decrease in tissue oxygen tension in the kidney, thereby releasing the hormone erythropoietin. The liver is not associated with erythropoietin production. 2. Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count? a. Renal disease b. Aplastic anemia c. Hypertension d. Hemolytic anemia ANS: D Hemolytic anemia is associated with an increased number of circulating reticulocytes or reticulocytosis. Anemia chronic of renal failure is associated with reticulocytosis. Rather, it occurs from failure of the renal endocrine function. Aplastic anemia is a stem cell disorder that is characterized by pancytopenia, a decrease in red cells, white cells, and platelets. Hypertension is not related to reticulocytosis. 3. The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the a. Bohr effect. b. oxygen-hemoglobin affinity. c. dissociation curve. d. hemoglobin synthesis. ANS: B The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is called the oxygen-hemoglobin affinity. Hemoglobin saturation is higher when oxygen infinity is increased, and saturation is lower when affinity is decreased. The Bohr effect occurs when the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve experiences a shift resulting from changes in PCO2 and H+ concentration. The dissociation curve describes the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and hemoglobin saturation. Hemoglobin synthesis occurs in the immature red cell. 4. An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with a. hyperthermia. b. shift to the right. c. elevated PCO2. d. shift to the left. ANS: D An increase in oxygen affinity is known as a shift to the left on the dissociation curve. Hyperthermia does not have an effect on the hemoglobin affinity. Elevation in PCO2 is seen with changes in pH. A decrease in the oxygen affinity is associated with a shift to the right on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.