Summary NSG 101 Disorders Of The Lower Respiratory Tract - Notes 2021

DISORDERS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT (Mr. Andre De Veyra) ▪ The structures of the lower respiratory tract are always subject to infection by the same pathogens that affects the upper respi tract. 1. INFLUENZA • “flu” • Which involves inflammation and infection of the major airways. • Commonly cause by orthomyxovirus (Type A,B,C) • Characterized by: -cough -fever, -fatigue -aching pain -sore throat -body malaise -sometimes accompanied by GI symptoms: vomiting and diarrhea. • Contagious on the day before the symptoms appear and for the next 5 days. • Children would be given antipyretic such as acetaminophen (control fever) • Oseltamivir(Tamiflu)- new antiviral drug which halts proliferation and can be taken over children over 1year old. • This drug is only helpful in the prevention of the proliferation and should be taken in the early stage of illness. Also a drug of choice for AH1N1. VIRAL INFECTION- “self- limiting” or it will disappear on its own. You need to strengthen your immune system= get enough rest, eat nutritious meal, drink lots of fluid and take Vitamin C. • Influenza esp. to the very young and very old can lead to pneumonia. • Vaccines are given yearly because virus mutates yearly. 2. BRONCHITIS • Inflammation of the major bronchi and trachea. • Manifested by: -upper respiratory tract infection for 1-2 days -fever - “dry hacking cough” -main -hoarse or mildly productive cough. -nasal congestion • Caused by virus; Adenovirus and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae • Symptoms would last for a week and full recovery would take as long as 2 weeks. • Upon auscultation you’ll heard: rhonchi and coarse crackles. • A chest X-ray will reveal diffuse alveolar hyperinflation (busag- busag) and some markings on the hilus of the - - --