ENG1502_ EXAM PACK (FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES )

ENG1502_ EXAM PACK (FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ). The error is on the auxiliary verb /are /. The subject is singular, therefore the verb must also be singular / is / so that there is a concordial agreement between the subject and the verb. SOLUTION This examination paper is not as difficult as I think it will be. The error is on the verb from /wrote /. Instead of the past tense form / wrote / the correct verb form must be a / -ing / form. Or you can say This examination paper is not as difficult as I think it will be- Subject verb agreement 2. After I wrote this examination, Jane and I would go and have some shopping SOLUTION After I wrote this examination, Jane and I will go and do some shopping-tense issue and have shopping-incorrect 3. This is one of the funniest TV show I have watch in a long time 4 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 SOLUTION This is one of the funniest TV show I have watched in a long time. Word watch need to be past tense. 4. Reading is the best way to improve my language skill. Reading is the best way to improve my language skills- wrong article/determiner used 5. Reading today’s news is just as bad as yesterdays news SOLUTION Reading today’s news is just as bad as yesterday’s news. The error is on the word / yesterdays / QUESTION 9 Explanation Writers use logical order, and even effective use of pronouns in substituting nouns with pronouns. The important aspect of cohesion is to remember that it makes the overall reading process easier. Reviewers/ writers want the reader to follow the text. Writers also use transitional words, what we call conjunction to achieve cohesion. Conjunctions essentially tie sentences, thoughts together. Five examples of how the reviewer achieved cohesion in the passage. Note: cohesion refers to the parts of the language system which we put sentences and clauses together. Cohesion provides discourse with its structure. Categories which create cohesion are: Repetition: repetition occurs when the same word or phrase is directly repeated within a text. Repetition of lexical items is the most common one. 5 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 Substitution: refers to situations where one word is substituted for another in order to avoid direct repetition. Ellipsis: refer to a grammatical or language use scenario, when material has been missed out as it is not essential for the meaning of the text to be conveyed- hearers/ readers will be able to work out the textual meaning from the surrounding discourse. Sense relations: occurs between lexical items or phrases. For example, the noun / man / can be replaced by other nouns which all related semantically. / man / can be replaced by other nouns such as / film /, / star /, / singer /, /scientist – all these nouns express or refer to the concept of being a human being. Referring expressions: these are words which refer to a unit in another sentence. Basically, pronouns are used as referring expressions. Referring expressions can be categorized or classified as anaphora, cataphora, endophora, exophoric. Anaphora: refers to words which refer to preceding texts. Cataphora: these are words which refer to something in the following text. Endophora- is the common name given to all linguistic items which refer to other linguistic items within the same text. Example 1 Joan: --but it’s up to Colin if he doesn’t do it---- Steve: ---have you sent him a reminder? In the above example the proper noun /Colin / is then followed by /he/ and /him / giving anaphoric reference. Example 2 Julie -----does he know that it’s here? Rob: Steve knows that it’s the meeting room yeah. The pronoun / he / refer to the noun which comes in later in the sentence. 6 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 Exophoric reference is the opposite of the endophoric reference. Exophoric reference generally refers to linguistic items or features outside the text. These features are not part of the co-text but are part of the broader external context. Example Jill has been talking on the topic of her mobile hairdresser. Sue: bit of pocket money isn’t it for her? Sue: [You know] Jill: [She only] lives in Green Park but she said she’s eh emigrating. In line 3, Jill involves their shared background knowledge of local geography external to the preceding text, by uttering the proper noun referent, Green Park, a road a few kilometres away from their homes. Conjunctions: words and phrases which indicate a logical, temporal, casual or exemplifying relationship. Examples / But /, / yet / A text can also establish connections through surface forms such as alliteration and lexical or grammatical parallels. Alliteration is a repetition of a consonant sound e.g. the star singer and scientist collision. (Repetition of the /s/ sound). Examples of the lexical and grammatical parallels SUBJECT/NP VP DIRECT OBJECT/NP One man Touched The lives of many people He Took His own life He Dedicated His life 7 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 9.1 SOLUTIONS Cohesion  “Them” is an example of anaphora/ referring expression.  /but/: conjunction.  /small-town cop /: sense relation.  /he /refers to Rick Crimes: cataphora.  /terror and horror /- “terror” is substituted by “horror” so as to avoid direct repetition.  Alliteration: /two new series stray deep/ / make a moving drama / 9.2 a) Simple sentence The story revolves around a sheriff’s deputy named Rick Games. (Paragraph 2). Many standard elements of the genre are here. (Paragraph 3) Note: a simple sentence is made up of a subject (NOUN PHRASE) + PREDICATE (VERB PHRASE AND NOUN PHRASE). A PREDICATE is the completer of a sentence. The subject names the “do-er” or “be-er” of the sentence. (b) Compound sentence Note: a compound sentence is made up of two complete sentences, normally of equal length and structure connected together by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, yet etc.). SOLUTION 8 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 We know that but there’s an irresistible urge now to go along for the ride. (Paragraph 6). (c) Complex sentence This is a sentence which is made up of an independent clause plus a subordinate clause or dependent clause. The subordinate/dependent clause is introduced or linked to the main clause by means of subordinating conjunction. SOLUTION The best would be AMC’s “the walking dead”, which has a pilot episode so good that it has hooked even a zombie hater like me. (Paragraph 1) OR On the surface, crime is your average small-town cop. (d) An adverb phrase An adverb modifies a verb, and all other parts of speech except a noun. Types of adverbs  Adverbs of time- now, then, today, never, till etc.  Adverbs of place- there, here, below, above, outside, etc.  Adverbs of manner- slowly, eagerly, badly, well, etc.  Adverbs of degree- very, reasonably, quite, too, etc.  Adverbs of number- once, twice, finally, again.  Adverbs of certainty- certainly, surely, perhaps, not.  Interrogative adverbs- how, why, what, when. Adverb phrases are a group of words which function in exactly the same way as adverbs. SOLUTION  Is most breathtaking  Can only feed compassion 9 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502  When an ebullient survivor finds a muscle car  Is gleaming in the sun. (e) An adjective phrase This is a linguistic feature which modify and intensify nouns directly or indirectly. SOLUTION  “Night of the living dead” territory (paragraph 1)  Soul-shriveling scariness.  Average small-town cop (paragraph 2)  Bloody chaos SECTION C QUESTION 10 Question analysis: the cognitive demands of the question.  Analyse and comment critically or the argument presented.  Point out the linguistic features used by the writer.  What can be inferred about the writer, the audience and the purpose of the text?  Support observation with evidence from the text.  Answer in an essay format.  One-page long essay. Note: This is your checklist- respect it. This text basically belongs to the argumentative and persuasive writing genre. The views presented in the argument are very subjective and they can generate a tremendous amount of debate. Through the utilization of rhetoric and oratory devices the writer’s purpose is to persuade the audience or readers to view text message writing style as a great enemy of Standard English language. In order to provoke the readers, the writer uses several rhetorical questions in the text. These questions highlight the extent or gravity of the effect of text message on the English language spelling system. Provocatively, the writer says, “why do we want to allow our beautiful language to be dumbed down to speed up communication?” such as question makes the audience to think critically on the effect of texting. The image of 10 | P a g e FOUNDATIONS IN APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES ENG1502 “dumbing” the grammatical norms in order to enhance fast communication is criticized by the writer. The writer is equally a conservative; he is not happy with the adjustment which are embraced into the English language discourse. The writer unequivocally portrays his disapproval towards the innovations taking place in communication and language circles. He is unhappy that some texting abbreviations have been included into the oxford English dictionary.