Nutritional Science
Doelstellingen blok 3.2
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
• describe global and regional food consumption patterns and trends and their impact on health
Food consumption patterns affected by:
-income
-prices
-individual preferences , beliefs and cultural traditions
-geographical, environmental, social and economic factors
Facts in the USA:
-Two-third of the USA population is overweight, BMI>25 (WHO 2009)
- ociated chronic conditions, e.g. high blood
pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers
-Many Americans have no sufficient health insurance
-Energy-dense food is not healthy
-Malnutrition mainly occurs in low-income groups
In the same time in the US……
-Food-insecurity-> 11%
-The number of hungry is rising
-High medical cost
-Occurs in low-income
groups
,The Poverty-Obesity Paradox(picture).
Causes of overweight and obesity
in the USA (and other developed countries)
Crudely: people eat to much high energy food
and do to little physical exercise. The social
and physical environment has become
‘obesogenic’.
-food prices are low (agricultural subsidies)
-fastfood restaurants are cheap
-”all-you-can-eat” restaurants promote
overeating
-high fat-consumption (energy-dense food)
-sugary food, including soft drinks, give less
saturation
-lack of dietary knowledge in low-income
groups
-limited physical exercise
Facts in developing countries:
-In 2012, 1 in 6 children were estimated to be underweight in developing countries (WHO 2013)
-Number of undernourished* in the world: total 870 million (FAO 2012)
563 million in Asia and the Pacific (13.9 %)
49 million in Latin America and the Caribbean (8.3 %)
239 million in Sub-Saharan Africa (nearly 25%)
, undernourishment : caloric intake < minimum dietary energy requirement. MDER = energy needed
for light activity and a minimum acceptable weight for attained height, varies by country and from
year to year
Famine: a sharp increase in mortality arising from acute starvation and starvation-related disease
Chronic hunger: sustained nutritional deprivation (undernutrition). Chronic hunger is rarely given
international media coverage but it may kill more people globally than the acute crisis of famine
does. Causes of chronic hunger
-Poverty
-Decreased mental and physical capability
-Inequality in the global market
-The recent economic crises
-The food and fuel crisis of 2006-2008: high global food prices
By 2050 the production of food must be doubled. Population growth 6 -> 9 billion (2000-> 2050).
Now <7.3 billion
Addressing the global challenge of “a healthy diet for everyone” is a leading principle
Undernutrition Over-nutrition
870 mln. suffer from undernutrition 1.5 bln. adults are overweight (2011)
<2 bln. people suffer from “hidden hunger” >500 mln. are clinically obese (2011)
Protein, Iodine, Iron and Vitamin A deficiencies Consequently: type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular
most common disease, hypertension, stroke, arthritis on the
rise
Cause: wide variety Main cause: ratio calorie consumption versus
physical activity
Comparison
developed countries Vs. developing countries
Developed:
-High energy density diet
-More fat (24 countries > 35 en%)
-More saturated fat, from animal sources (> 10 en%)
-More added sugars
-Reduced intake of complex carbohydrates and dietary fibre
-Reduced fruit and vegetable intakes
-Reduced physical activity (work and leisure)
-In low income groups: obesity
Developing:
-Food insecurity for many people: food shortages
Doelstellingen blok 3.2
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
• describe global and regional food consumption patterns and trends and their impact on health
Food consumption patterns affected by:
-income
-prices
-individual preferences , beliefs and cultural traditions
-geographical, environmental, social and economic factors
Facts in the USA:
-Two-third of the USA population is overweight, BMI>25 (WHO 2009)
- ociated chronic conditions, e.g. high blood
pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers
-Many Americans have no sufficient health insurance
-Energy-dense food is not healthy
-Malnutrition mainly occurs in low-income groups
In the same time in the US……
-Food-insecurity-> 11%
-The number of hungry is rising
-High medical cost
-Occurs in low-income
groups
,The Poverty-Obesity Paradox(picture).
Causes of overweight and obesity
in the USA (and other developed countries)
Crudely: people eat to much high energy food
and do to little physical exercise. The social
and physical environment has become
‘obesogenic’.
-food prices are low (agricultural subsidies)
-fastfood restaurants are cheap
-”all-you-can-eat” restaurants promote
overeating
-high fat-consumption (energy-dense food)
-sugary food, including soft drinks, give less
saturation
-lack of dietary knowledge in low-income
groups
-limited physical exercise
Facts in developing countries:
-In 2012, 1 in 6 children were estimated to be underweight in developing countries (WHO 2013)
-Number of undernourished* in the world: total 870 million (FAO 2012)
563 million in Asia and the Pacific (13.9 %)
49 million in Latin America and the Caribbean (8.3 %)
239 million in Sub-Saharan Africa (nearly 25%)
, undernourishment : caloric intake < minimum dietary energy requirement. MDER = energy needed
for light activity and a minimum acceptable weight for attained height, varies by country and from
year to year
Famine: a sharp increase in mortality arising from acute starvation and starvation-related disease
Chronic hunger: sustained nutritional deprivation (undernutrition). Chronic hunger is rarely given
international media coverage but it may kill more people globally than the acute crisis of famine
does. Causes of chronic hunger
-Poverty
-Decreased mental and physical capability
-Inequality in the global market
-The recent economic crises
-The food and fuel crisis of 2006-2008: high global food prices
By 2050 the production of food must be doubled. Population growth 6 -> 9 billion (2000-> 2050).
Now <7.3 billion
Addressing the global challenge of “a healthy diet for everyone” is a leading principle
Undernutrition Over-nutrition
870 mln. suffer from undernutrition 1.5 bln. adults are overweight (2011)
<2 bln. people suffer from “hidden hunger” >500 mln. are clinically obese (2011)
Protein, Iodine, Iron and Vitamin A deficiencies Consequently: type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular
most common disease, hypertension, stroke, arthritis on the
rise
Cause: wide variety Main cause: ratio calorie consumption versus
physical activity
Comparison
developed countries Vs. developing countries
Developed:
-High energy density diet
-More fat (24 countries > 35 en%)
-More saturated fat, from animal sources (> 10 en%)
-More added sugars
-Reduced intake of complex carbohydrates and dietary fibre
-Reduced fruit and vegetable intakes
-Reduced physical activity (work and leisure)
-In low income groups: obesity
Developing:
-Food insecurity for many people: food shortages
