NR228 / NR-228 Exam 2 (Latest 2021): Nutrition, Health & Wellness - Chamberlain

• Nutritional needs change throughout our life span Pregnancy • All childbearing age women should be well nourished • Should maintain norm weight prior to conception • Expected weight gain for pregnancy 25-35lbs ▪ If underweight number will be higher ▪ If overweight number will be lower Pregnancy and dietary guidelines o Avoid: Raw eggs, raw meats, coffee restricted to one cup a day (200mg) • Vitamin D may be shown that baby will be born with hypercalcemia • Vitamin E has shown that baby may have feta heart defect • Vitamin K has shown that baby may have prolonged jaundice Preeclampsia – Pregnancy induced hypertension w/ proteinuria • Occurs during 20 weeks of gestation • Believed to be related to blood vessels in circulation • In NORMAL pregnancy blood vessels are dilated and send blood to placenta for fetus o In PREECLAMSIA vessels narrow and limit blood flow to fetus and mother o When blood flow is restricted it causes heart to work harder and cause HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE • Blood flow to kidneys is also decreased o Causing decreased function and PROTEINURIA • Leading cause of premature infants and maternal/fetal death • Put on hypertension diet – DASH diet o No coffee, reduce salt, more fruit and veggies Gestational Diabetes Mellitus • Induced by pregnancy • Occurs at 24-28 weeks gestation • If mom has to hx of diabetes, her glucose levels should return back to normal by 6 weeks PP. • If you develop gestational DM, you’re at high risk for developing again in future pregnancies • You may also be high risk for developing type 2 DM later in life • This condition causes maternal blood glucose levels to go up, which brings extra glucose to fetus and will cause higher weight gain to the fetus • Treatment: (same as type 2 DM) Diet and exercise. More fruits/veggies Maternal Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Proteins from foods/meats are broken down into amino acids – phenylalanine • Enzyme PAH will break down phenylalanine • Without PAH phenylalanine isn’t metabolized by the body • Phenylalanine is found in protein rich foods o High: meat, fish, milk, diet soda w/ aspartame o Low: fruit, veggies • 1-4g of phenylalanine a day • Genetic disorder – so mom was born with it. It’s a gene where the mom doesn’t have the PAH enzyme o So, when pregnancy mom can’t eat excess protein or anything with phenylalanine • All babies born from mom with PKU, baby should be screened soon after birth o Can have severe intellectual impairment, microcephaly, seizures o Prevent baby being born with these issues by educating mom to monitor proteins Lactation • 750-1000mL of milk a day • In order to produce this, amount the women needs to add an additional 500kcl • Avoiding these foods is recommended bc it may alter taste of milk and baby may reject feedings o Spicy o Garlic o Citrus food o Cauliflower o Broccoli Infancy • Baby should double weight by 5/6 months and triple in ......................................continued