PYC4812 Marked Assignment 6 2021.

PYC4812 - Sport Psychology. PYC4812 Assignment. instances where sport psychology principles should ideally be used: 1. Experienced coaches whose teams may be in jeopardy due to mental lapses or team members not handling pressure in the game. 2. When dealing with injured players, it would be good to incorporate psychological skills into the player’s injury rehabilitation program to help them recover quicker and be more mentally stable. 3. As a fitness coach, to help aspiring health fitness clients to set fitness goals, plan strategies and help them to achieve these goals. 4. As a coach, to help players who are either taking performance enhancement drugs or have eating disorders. The coach can help them to understand their psychological position and assist them to achieve their sport goals without using the performance enhancement drugs and assist with proper eating plans. 5. As a physical education teacher, to help students to be motivated to participate in the class. 3 Section B Mental Toughness 1. Cooper, K. B. (2019). An Exploratory Case Study of Mental Toughness Variability and Potential Influences over 30 Days. Sports (Basel), 156. doi:10.3390/sports 2. Cowden, R. G. (2017). Mental Toughness and Success in Sport: A Review and Prospect. The Open Sports Sciences Journal. 10, 1-14. doi:10.2174/X01 3. Garry, K. (2019). Mental Toughness in Sport: Systematic Review and Future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s12662- . 4 Section C Annotated Bibliography Article 1 Cooper, K.B. (2019) An Exploratory Case Study of Mental Toughness Variability and Potential Influences over 30 Days The purpose of this study was to discover whether mental toughness differs across a 30-day training block and whether such variability is related with specific experiences. As hypothesized, there were important differences in mental toughness. The results, therefore, supported the state view of mental toughness. Differences were identified, despite the potential ceiling effects likely caused by experienced athletes reporting high scores on mental toughness. This is most likely not due to significant essential variability in the measurement tool, as prior research has supported the scale reliability. Instead, the results back previous studies which indicate at least a portion of mental toughness is state-like and can change over time. The article is fairly new and has in-depth studies on MT. It is an easy and very interesting read. It shows detailed results on studies performed on different levels of athletes. The study does show that MT does differ over a period of 30 days. Article 2 Cowden, R. G. (2017). Mental Toughness and Success in Sport: A Review and Prospect. The purpose of this study was to review the measureable literature on Mental Toughness, and performance in sport. This study embodies the first known review of the extensive literature on Mental Toughness and performance in sport. 19 studies were identified to be included in the study. The results from the review implies that athletes who are rated higher in Mental Toughness generally participate at higher levels of competition, achieve more, and produce better results. Jointly, these outcomes support the commonly held belief that mentally tougher athletes are likely to be more successful. The research method used was a search using a specified key term in 10 databases during August 2016. After an initial screening of the 5 exclusive records that were identified, 19 peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Ultimately, the results point to mentally tougher athletes’ superior levels of success. The findings are discussed together with the limitations associated with this part of the current MT in sport literature, with several important areas highlighted for students to consider and pursue when conducting future research. Article 3 Garry, K. (2019). Mental Toughness in Sport: Systematic Review and Future The purpose of this article was to review studies of mental toughness. 14 studies, were identified for this review. Initially the interest was focused mainly on operational definitions of MT which was then followed by understanding the operational tools underpinning the development of MT, and finally measurement mechanisms for assessing MT among athletes. Qualitative methodologies have been the initial method of choice, however, you will see an increasing number of quantitative approaches have come up in line with the emergence of variousMT inventories designed to assess MT from both sport-specific and sport general perspectives. Data was gathered from assessments of 5660 participants. The studies consisted of 150 coaches, 4 sport psychologists and 309 parents, administrators and engineers. The detail of this review gives us a great insight on mental toughness in sport. 6 Section D Summary of Articles These studies, in their individual capacity represents quantitative literature on mental toughness and athletic achievement, competitive standards of participation, and performance. The environment factor is an important influence across the studies reviewed. Bull et al. (2005) reported influences from outside the sporting location affected mental toughness in cricketers. For example, a parents’ attitude towards failure along with the way in which they evaluated performance, would show an effect on the participant; which in turn may lead to negative associations with criticism, which will stunt progression. It was stated that if the pressure of external entities was to be removed, the athlete would only concentrate on the performance and therefore accomplish more (Bull et al., 2005). Bull et al. (2005) also suggested the need to develop an environment within which players are given maximum opportunity to benefit in terms of character and attitude as well as tough thinking. Another significant theme to be revealed is the part of the coach and how German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research Review may facilitate the development of mental toughness. Guccardi et al. (2009) highlighted predominant categories that accounted for the strategies, experiences and mechanisms employed by coaches to develop mental toughness specific to Australian football. These comprised of early childhood experiences, which played an important role in nurturing a ‘generalized form’ of mental toughness, the coach–athlete relationship, coaching philosophy, the training environment and other specific strategies used to transform this generalized mental toughness into ‘sport-specific forms’. The findings from this study are not only aligned with previous research that mental toughness is state-like ,but also suggest that there are many prospective optimizers that can be utilized by individuals to improve their mental toughness and thus their outcomes. The study emphasised specific influencers and helped categorize these influencers into an easy to understand series of themes. This format may provide researchers, practitioners, and individual’s additional tools and resources on which they can continue to build better outcomes and possibly better overall lives