INF1505ExamPack

INF1505ExamPack: INF1505May/June2014,INF1505Oct/Nov2013,INF1505May/June2013 INFORMATIONSYSTEMS:ANOVERVIEW 1.3TheBeginning:Transaction-ProcessingSystems Forthepast60years,transaction-processingsystems(TPSs)havebeenappliedtostructuredtaskssuchas recordkeeping,simpleclericaloperations,andinventorycontrol.Payroll,forexample,wasoneofthefirst applicationstobeautomated.TPSsfocusondatacollectionandprocessing,andtheyhaveprovidedenormous reductionsincosts. Computersaremostbeneficialintransaction-processingoperations.Theseoperationsarerepetitive,suchas printingnumerouschecks,orinvolveenormousvolumesofdata,suchasinventorycontrolinamultinational textilecompany.Whenthesesystemsareautomated,humaninvolvementisminimal.Forexample,inan automatedpayrollsystem,thereislittleneedformanagerialjudgmentinthetaskofprintingandsendingchecks, whichreducespersonnelcosts. QUESTION1.3.1 WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTanapplicationofTransactionProcessingSystems(TPS)? 1.Payrollsystem 2.Inventorycontrol 3.Recordkeeping 4.Gradingtests Answer: 4. Gradingtests 1.4ManagementInformationSystems Amanagementinformationsystem(MIS)isanorganizedintegrationofhardwareandsoftwaretechnologies,data, processes,andhumanelementsdesignedtoproducetimely,integrated,relevant,accurate,andusefulinformation fordecision-makingpurposes. Thehardwarecomponents,whicharediscussedinmoredetailinChapter2,includeinput,output,andmemory devicesandvarydependingontheapplicationandtheorganization.MISsoftware,alsocoveredinChapter2,can includecommercialprograms,softwaredevelopedin-house,orboth.Theapplicationororganizationdetermines thetypeofsoftwareused.ProcessesareusuallymethodsforperformingataskinanMISapplication.Thehuman elementincludesusers,programmers,systemsanalysts,andothertechnicalpersonnel.Thisbookemphasizes usersofMISs. IndesigninganMIS,thefirsttaskistoclearlydefinethesystem'sobjectives.Second,datamustbecollectedand analyzed.Finally,informationmustbeprovidedinausefulformatfordecision-makingpurposes. ManyMISapplicationsareusedinboththeprivateandpublicsectors.Forexample,anMISforinventorycontrol providesdata(suchashowmuchofeachproductisonhand),whatitemshavebeenordered,andwhatitemsare back-ordered.AnotherMISmightforecastsalesvolumeforthenextfiscalperiod.Thistypeofsystemusesrecent historicaldataandmathematicalorstatisticalmodelstogeneratethemostaccurateforecast,andsalesmanagers canusethisinformationforplanningpurposes.Inthepublicsector,anMISforapolicedepartment,forexample, couldprovideinformationsuchascrimestatistics,crimeforecasts,andallocationofpoliceunits.Managementcan examinethesestatisticstospotincreasesanddecreasesincrimeratesortypesofcrimesandanalyzethisdatato determinefuturedeploymentoflawenforcementpersonnel. Asyouwillseeinthisbook,manyorganizationsuseinformationsystemstogainacompetitiveadvantage.The informationboxonHertzdescribesoneexampleofthis.(Note:MISsareoftenreferredtoasjustinformation systems,andthesetermsareusedinterchangeablyinthisbook.) QUESTION1.4.1 The_____________componentofthemanagementinformationsystem(MIS)includesinput,output,and memorydevices. 1.Hardware 2.Software 3.Processing 4.Data Answer: 1. Hardware 1.5MajorComponentsofanInformationSystem Inadditiontohardware,software,andhumanelements,aninformationsystemincludesfourmajorcomponents, whicharediscussedinthefollowingsections:data,adatabase,aprocess,andinformation(seeExhibit1.3). QUESTION1.5.1 Atypicalinformationsystemincludeswhichofthefollowingcomponents? a.Dataentrysystem b.Database c.Process d.Information 1.A,B,C,D 2.B,C,D 3.C,D 4.A,B,C Answer: 2. B,C,D