PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
PHILOSOPHY things in the world, but one must continue to
Philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos inquire and seek to understand and learn about the
(Love) and Sophia (Wisdom). The Ancient Greeks human condition.
used this term to refer to a "love for wisdom" and -pioneers of today philosophers
was soon applied to a science or discipline which Most Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers
uses human reason to investigate the ultimate cases, PYTHAGORAS- He was credited with the
reasons and principles which govern all things. formulation of the Pythagorean Theorem. He
Since ancient times, people have been reflecting on established a community of learners.
and discussing various issues related to philosophy. DEMOCRITUS- He devoted himself to studying
Asian communities already had thriving schools of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among
thought and belief systems since 2000 BCE. In the the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny
west, the first philosophical schools emerged in particles called atoms.
ancient Greece around the 6th century BCE. These DIOGENES OF SINOPE- He was known as a
first schools of thought gave rise to changes and vocal critic of well-known philosophers such as
developments which brought about the emergence Plato and Aristotle. He is an advocate of a simple
of philosophy as we know it at present. and virtuous life. His Teachings and views was
later developed by his follows and influenced the
Different Division of Philosophy development of several schools of philosophy such
Metaphysics- asking existence as Cynicism and Stoicism
Epistemology- study of knowledge EPICURUS- His views gave rise to Epicureanism-a
Aesthetics- beauty and art school of philosophy which believes that wisdom
Ethics- right and wrong and simple living will result to a life free from fear
Logic- basta logic hahahaha and pain.
-to live a simple life to result to a life free from fear
Western Philosophy is primarily concerned with and pain
uncovering the truth through systematic SOCRATES- He was considered the foremost
argumentation and theory. It also emphasizes the philosopher of ancient times. He also believes that
use of reason rather than faith, and an increased philosophy could enable a man to live a life of
focus on man as an individual. virtue. He was credited with formulating the
-reason rather than faith Socratic Method.
Eastern Philosophy puts emphasis on social -father of philosophy
relations, and the family and community are * Socratic method- examining a topic by devising a
considered a central aspect of life. Eastern series of questions that let the learner examine and
Philosophies are classified according to theistic analyze his knowledge and views regarding the
(belief in a supreme being) and non-theistic topic.
philosophies. PLATO- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his
-social relations, family and community teachings writing and incorporated some of his own
ideas into them, his teachings and writings were
Sophist- were the teachers who travelled considered the foundation to the western
throughout Greece who taught people who wished philosophy. Plato's lasting contribution to learning
to learn. was his founding of the academy, an institution of
Eristic- a way of argumentation which aims to win higher learning which was the first of its kind in the
argument rather than arrive at the truth. west.
* Dialectic method- a method os inquiry where two
The another group of thinkers believe that opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive
teaching and learning should be an opportunity to at new knowledge.
learn the truth of all things in this world, and all ARISTOTLE- He attended the academy and he
real wisdom should strive to achieve truth aside was a prominent student of Plato. His studies in
from knowledge. Philosophos logic led to the formulation of a formal process of
Philosophos (lover of wisdom) - arguments and analyzing reasoning which gave rise to deductive
discussion must be based on sound reasoning. Their reasoning.
central belief was that man need not know all
Page 1
, PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
* Deductive reasoning- process by which specific (truth), asteya (honesty), brahmacharya (chastity),
statements are analysed to reach a conclusion. and aparigraha (piety). Meditation, discipline, and
respect for all life are emphasized.
HINDUISM *Jiva- soul
-Belief in a pantheon of gods- Brahma (creator), *Tirthankaras- free their soul from their bodies
Shiva (preserver), and Vishnu (destroyer) Mahavaris, Jain Agamas- major texts
-Belief in a cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara), Ahimsa -don’t eat meat and root crops
which is broken when a person achieves ultimate - Some jain monks do not wear clothing mask
union with the Divine (moksha) covering their nose. They take on jobs that do not
-Emphasis on dharma, the fulfilment of duties and inclict any pain or harm to others (merchants)
behavior in accordance with the established order
in the world; individual actions contribute to either SIKHISM
a good or bad effect (karma) in a person's life God is believed to have created the universe and is
*Brahman the supreme god present everywhere and in everything. Man
*Atman- individual soul communicates with God through meditation, and
*Sodras- unskilled worker his ultimate destiny is union with the Divine. Apart
*Parreas- outcast/children of god from meditation, believers must devote themselves
*The Vedas- most sacred scripture (knowledge) to selfless service and action. Emphasize the
-Ancient Religion, 3rd Largest Religion relevance of gender.
-Majority of Hindus are in India *Waheguru- believe in one god
-No common language, no common deity and no *Omnipresent- God
common practice. We all had a soul (including *Gugu Nunuk- founder of Sikhism
animals) *Akal- purpose of life is to reconnect with one god
-Namaste means the divinity within me through meditate
acknowledge the divinity within you *Kaleguya- age of darkness
*Golden temple- serves hospitality
BUDDHISM *Turban- respect for their hair
Shares a number of main beliefs (samsara, dharma, *Gru Sansahup- mystical words
moksa) with Hinduism
The four noble truths describe worldly existence as CONFUCIANISM
imperfect and influenced by earthly desires and The contemplation of the order of things can lead
suffering (dukkha); to rid oneself of desire and to self-transformation. Self-transformation can lead
achieve liberation from suffering, one must follow to the betterment of the family and society. Human
the Eightfold path. Divided into two major relationships are based on mutual obligations;
branches: Theravada (doctrine) and Mahayana individuals should perform their intended roles and
-doesn’t talk about politics and religion contribute to social order.
*Nirvana- end of suffering -human relationships are based on mutual
*Siddharta Gautama- born in noble family obligations
*Dukkha- life is suffering *Confucius- name of the person
*Samudaya- suffering that something comes from *Kong Fuzi
your wants *Ro- scholars
*Nirodha- stops this dukkha *Analects- text ni Confucius
*Magga- 8 pathway to do it
The Five Classics
Siddharta Gautama, Tripitaka- major texts Odds
JAINISM Documents
Rejects the idea of a creator and considers the Writes
universe as eternal and unceasing; time is a wheel Changes
which goes through cycles of prosperity and Spring/Autumns
suffering.
Wisdom is developed through the practice of the
five main vows; ahimsa (non-violence), satya
Page 2
PHILOSOPHY things in the world, but one must continue to
Philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos inquire and seek to understand and learn about the
(Love) and Sophia (Wisdom). The Ancient Greeks human condition.
used this term to refer to a "love for wisdom" and -pioneers of today philosophers
was soon applied to a science or discipline which Most Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers
uses human reason to investigate the ultimate cases, PYTHAGORAS- He was credited with the
reasons and principles which govern all things. formulation of the Pythagorean Theorem. He
Since ancient times, people have been reflecting on established a community of learners.
and discussing various issues related to philosophy. DEMOCRITUS- He devoted himself to studying
Asian communities already had thriving schools of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among
thought and belief systems since 2000 BCE. In the the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny
west, the first philosophical schools emerged in particles called atoms.
ancient Greece around the 6th century BCE. These DIOGENES OF SINOPE- He was known as a
first schools of thought gave rise to changes and vocal critic of well-known philosophers such as
developments which brought about the emergence Plato and Aristotle. He is an advocate of a simple
of philosophy as we know it at present. and virtuous life. His Teachings and views was
later developed by his follows and influenced the
Different Division of Philosophy development of several schools of philosophy such
Metaphysics- asking existence as Cynicism and Stoicism
Epistemology- study of knowledge EPICURUS- His views gave rise to Epicureanism-a
Aesthetics- beauty and art school of philosophy which believes that wisdom
Ethics- right and wrong and simple living will result to a life free from fear
Logic- basta logic hahahaha and pain.
-to live a simple life to result to a life free from fear
Western Philosophy is primarily concerned with and pain
uncovering the truth through systematic SOCRATES- He was considered the foremost
argumentation and theory. It also emphasizes the philosopher of ancient times. He also believes that
use of reason rather than faith, and an increased philosophy could enable a man to live a life of
focus on man as an individual. virtue. He was credited with formulating the
-reason rather than faith Socratic Method.
Eastern Philosophy puts emphasis on social -father of philosophy
relations, and the family and community are * Socratic method- examining a topic by devising a
considered a central aspect of life. Eastern series of questions that let the learner examine and
Philosophies are classified according to theistic analyze his knowledge and views regarding the
(belief in a supreme being) and non-theistic topic.
philosophies. PLATO- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his
-social relations, family and community teachings writing and incorporated some of his own
ideas into them, his teachings and writings were
Sophist- were the teachers who travelled considered the foundation to the western
throughout Greece who taught people who wished philosophy. Plato's lasting contribution to learning
to learn. was his founding of the academy, an institution of
Eristic- a way of argumentation which aims to win higher learning which was the first of its kind in the
argument rather than arrive at the truth. west.
* Dialectic method- a method os inquiry where two
The another group of thinkers believe that opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive
teaching and learning should be an opportunity to at new knowledge.
learn the truth of all things in this world, and all ARISTOTLE- He attended the academy and he
real wisdom should strive to achieve truth aside was a prominent student of Plato. His studies in
from knowledge. Philosophos logic led to the formulation of a formal process of
Philosophos (lover of wisdom) - arguments and analyzing reasoning which gave rise to deductive
discussion must be based on sound reasoning. Their reasoning.
central belief was that man need not know all
Page 1
, PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
* Deductive reasoning- process by which specific (truth), asteya (honesty), brahmacharya (chastity),
statements are analysed to reach a conclusion. and aparigraha (piety). Meditation, discipline, and
respect for all life are emphasized.
HINDUISM *Jiva- soul
-Belief in a pantheon of gods- Brahma (creator), *Tirthankaras- free their soul from their bodies
Shiva (preserver), and Vishnu (destroyer) Mahavaris, Jain Agamas- major texts
-Belief in a cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara), Ahimsa -don’t eat meat and root crops
which is broken when a person achieves ultimate - Some jain monks do not wear clothing mask
union with the Divine (moksha) covering their nose. They take on jobs that do not
-Emphasis on dharma, the fulfilment of duties and inclict any pain or harm to others (merchants)
behavior in accordance with the established order
in the world; individual actions contribute to either SIKHISM
a good or bad effect (karma) in a person's life God is believed to have created the universe and is
*Brahman the supreme god present everywhere and in everything. Man
*Atman- individual soul communicates with God through meditation, and
*Sodras- unskilled worker his ultimate destiny is union with the Divine. Apart
*Parreas- outcast/children of god from meditation, believers must devote themselves
*The Vedas- most sacred scripture (knowledge) to selfless service and action. Emphasize the
-Ancient Religion, 3rd Largest Religion relevance of gender.
-Majority of Hindus are in India *Waheguru- believe in one god
-No common language, no common deity and no *Omnipresent- God
common practice. We all had a soul (including *Gugu Nunuk- founder of Sikhism
animals) *Akal- purpose of life is to reconnect with one god
-Namaste means the divinity within me through meditate
acknowledge the divinity within you *Kaleguya- age of darkness
*Golden temple- serves hospitality
BUDDHISM *Turban- respect for their hair
Shares a number of main beliefs (samsara, dharma, *Gru Sansahup- mystical words
moksa) with Hinduism
The four noble truths describe worldly existence as CONFUCIANISM
imperfect and influenced by earthly desires and The contemplation of the order of things can lead
suffering (dukkha); to rid oneself of desire and to self-transformation. Self-transformation can lead
achieve liberation from suffering, one must follow to the betterment of the family and society. Human
the Eightfold path. Divided into two major relationships are based on mutual obligations;
branches: Theravada (doctrine) and Mahayana individuals should perform their intended roles and
-doesn’t talk about politics and religion contribute to social order.
*Nirvana- end of suffering -human relationships are based on mutual
*Siddharta Gautama- born in noble family obligations
*Dukkha- life is suffering *Confucius- name of the person
*Samudaya- suffering that something comes from *Kong Fuzi
your wants *Ro- scholars
*Nirodha- stops this dukkha *Analects- text ni Confucius
*Magga- 8 pathway to do it
The Five Classics
Siddharta Gautama, Tripitaka- major texts Odds
JAINISM Documents
Rejects the idea of a creator and considers the Writes
universe as eternal and unceasing; time is a wheel Changes
which goes through cycles of prosperity and Spring/Autumns
suffering.
Wisdom is developed through the practice of the
five main vows; ahimsa (non-violence), satya
Page 2
