CMY1501 EXAM PACK 2020.

CMY1501 EXAM PACK 2020. CMY1501 Introduction To Criminology. Which one of the following is not an assumption made by the classical school? (a) All people are by their nature self-seeking and therefor liable to commit crime (b) In order to live in harmony, people agree to give up certain freedoms in order to be protected by a strong central state (c) Punishment is necessary to deter crime and the state has the prerogative to administer it (d) Punishment should be proportionate to the crime (fit the crime) and be used to rehabilitate the offender 2) QUESTION Identify the correct statement with regard to the neo-classical school (a) It heralded the beginning of modern scientific criminology (b) The purpose of criminal justice system is to prevent crime through deterrence (c) Free will can be inhibited by pathology, incompetence or other conditions (d) Crime is defined in terms of the concept of oppression 3) QUESTION To which criminological school of thought does the following excerpt relate? “A legitimate response to crime must be built upon a strategy of social empowerment.” (a) Feminist criminology (b) Postmodern criminology (c) Critical criminology (d) Positivist criminology 4) QUESTION Which one of the following can be regarded as the central thrust of postmodern criminology? (a) it focuses on integrated crime perspectives and is not bound to a specific school of thought (b) The state acts unjustly and selectively and discriminates against the poor and powerless (c) It accepts the juridical definition of crime, but rejects free will and rational choice (d) It focuses on the way individuals become criminals by studying socialisation and learning processes S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 5) QUESTION Which feminist variant sees the subordination of women as being located in the capitalist exploitation of their domestic role? (a) Liberal feminism (b) Radical feminism (c) Black feminism (d) Marxist feminism 6) QUESTION Which of the following concepts was important for righting the wrongs of crime in precolonial Africa? (a) Retribution and punishment (b) Reconciliation and compensation (c) Rehabilitation and treatment (d) Reconstruction and development 7) QUESTION In relation to criminology in Africa, identify the missing words “Whereas European law stresses the protection of the ….., traditional African law focuses on the protection of the …… as a whole” (a) victim, society (b) innocent, victim (c) individual, community (d) community, victim 8) QUESTION Who is regarded as the father of criminology? (a) Beccaria (b) Quinney (c) Quetelet (d) Lombroso 9) QUESTION With which criminological school of thought do you associate the names Beccaria and Bentham? (a) Classical school of thought (b) Feminist school of thought (c) Critical school of thought (d) Postmodern school of thought Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 10) QUESTION Who was the first person to use the term “white collar crime”? (a) Lombroso (b) Quetelet (c) Beccaria (d) Sutherland 11) QUESTION According to liberal feminist theory, the lower crime rate for women in comparison to me can be attributed to….. (a) lack of opportunity to commit crime (b) women’s lower economic and social position (c) women’s physical weakness (d) inborn qualities (e) lower level of aggression 12) QUESTION Farrington’s Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory stresses….. (a) antisocial behaviour at all ages (b) neurological and temperamental difficulties (c) low self-control and irritability (d) antisocial potential and cognition (e) the power of informal social control 13) QUESTION The term “motivation” refers to…… (a) mental events such as beliefs, expectations and self-concept (b) subjective feelings that stem from physiological needs (c) the desire that a specific result will follow from a particular action (d) a causative factor that drives an action to bring about a definite result (e) physiological preparedness to meet situational demands Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 14) QUESTION To understand why an offender committed a particular crime, it is essential to establish the perpetrator’s……. (a) intelligence (b) previous criminal record (c) personality characteristics (d) mental make-up (e) motive 15) QUESTION Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (a) Emotions are subjective feelings that make us feel a particular way, such as angry, joyful or sad (b) Emotions are short-lived subjective-physiological-functional-expressive phenomena that orchestrate how we react to events in our lives (c) Emotions indicate the desire that a specific result will follow from a particular action (d) Emotions prepare our bodies for action (e) Emotions have four components, namely feelings, bodily arousal, sense of purpose and social expressions 16) QUESTION Arnold, Robertson and Cooper are of the opinion that there are three components of motivation, namely…. (a) Goal, effort and persistence (b) Direction, effort and persistence (c) Need, goal and action (d) Direction, need and effort (e) Goal, persistence and effort 17) QUESTION Cognitive processes play an important role in appraising available aims when designing a particular strategy. Cognition involves…… (a) thoughts, needs, emotions and understanding (b) goals, judgment, emotions and understanding (c) emotions, judgment, interpretation and understanding (d) thought, judgment, interpretation and understanding (e) needs, emotions, interpretation and understanding Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 18) QUESTION Read the following statement and identify the missing word(s): The role that …. can play as a criminogenic risk factor is based on research which found that the criminal or antisocial behaviour of parents acts as one of the primary risk factors for criminal behaviour in children (a) socialisation (b) hereditary factors (c) family (d) predisposing factors 19) QUESTION During his research, Sheldon (in Hunter & Dantzker 2002:50) identified three basic body types (somatotypes) namely endomorphs, mesomorphs and ectomorphs. According to Sheldon’s somatotypes delinquent boys are mainly…… (a) endomorphs (b) mesomorphs (c) ectomorphs (d) all of the above 20) QUESTION Personality can be defined as….. (a) a unique relatively stable and consistent behaviour pattern, including emotions and behaviour, that distinguishes one person from another (b) a unique relatively stable and consistent behaviour pattern, including behaviour and thoughts, that distinguishes one person from another (c) a unique relatively stable and consistent behaviour pattern, including emotions and actions, that distinguishes one person from another (d) a unique relatively stable and consistent behaviour pattern, including emotions and thoughts, that distinguishes one person from another 21) QUESTION What type of impact do physiological disorders have on a person’s functioning? (a) biological (genetic) and psychological influences on human behaviour as well as labelling impact (b) social and psychological influences on human behaviour as well as labelling impact (c) biological and psychosocial influences on human behaviour as well as labelling impact (d) social and biological influences on human behaviour as well as labelling impact Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 22) QUESTION Lyken (in Schoeman 2002:99) is of the opinion that socialisation comprises three principal components, namely: (a) conscientiousness, pro-sociality and acceptance of adult discipline (b) conscientiousness, values and acceptance of adult control (c) conscientiousness, pro-sociality and acceptance of adult responsibility (d) conscientiousness, values and submission to adult control 23) QUESTION In relation to family functioning, criminal risk factors can be associated with….. (a) interfamilial abuse, criminality and offending (b) interpersonal relationships, functioning and socialisation within the family (c) family structure, size and composition (d) family structure, functioning and relationships 24) QUESTION Parental neglect is associated with and includes child abuse and is often associated with the …… (a) deprivation of the child’s physical needs (b) deprivation of the child’s of the child’s social needs (c) deprivation of the child’s emotional needs (d) deprivation of the child’s psychosocial needs 25) QUESTION Being psychologically present literally implies that a child will…. (a) consciously, or unconsciously, evaluate behaviour against their parents’ opinion of that particular act (b) consciously, or unconsciously, evaluate behaviour against their society’s opinion of that particular act (c) consciously, or unconsciously, evaluate behaviour against their community’s opinion of that particular act (d) consciously, or unconsciously, evaluate behaviour against their peers’ opinion of that particular act Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 26) QUESTION According to Bartol and Bartol (2005)…. Is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent violence for both males and females (a) alcohol and drug abuse (b) poverty (c) family criminality (d) childhood aggression 27) QUESTION Loeber (in Siegel & Welsh 2009:185) identified three paths of antisocial behaviour that, during the development process of a child, may lead to a delinquent career, namely: (a) conflict pathway, covert pathway and overt pathway (b) social pathway, covert pathway and overt pathway (c) conflict pathway, aggressive pathway and overt pathway (d) conflict pathway, covert pathway and hidden pathway 28) QUESTION Epilepsy is a ….. disorder that may play a role in criminal behaviour (a) genetic (b) biochemical (c) congenital (d) social (e) neurological 29) QUESTION Research by Hollin and Wheeler has indicated that violent young offenders tend to display greater ….. than non-violent young offenders (a) internal control (b) cognitive ability (c) emotional stress (d) external control (e) emotional immaturity Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 30) QUESTION Intention consists of two elements, namely…. (a) conative and emotional elements (b) conscious and intellectual elements (c) expressive and volitional elements (d) affective and cognitive elements (e) cognitive and volitional elements 31) QUESTION Mental illness and immature age may affect a person’s ….. the wrongfulness of his or her actions (a) knowledge of (b) awareness of (c) capacity to understand (d) determination to understand (e) insight into 32) QUESTION Four components of a “good” theory are….. (a) plausibility and predictability (b) accessibility and accountability (c) reliability and validity (d) validity and falsifiability (e) accountability and plausibility Choose from the options below i. (a) and (c) ii. (a) and (d) iii. (b) and (e) iv. (c) and (e) v. (b) and (d) Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 33) QUESTION Key premises refer to …… (a) a theorist’s perceptions of facts (b) the predictive value of a theory (c) the essential arguments of a theory (d) the empirical support for a theory (e) none of the above 34) QUESTION The most important consideration/s when studying crime is/are…. (a) the influence of external factors (b) the balance between theory and practice (c) people’s perceptions of facts (d) the responsibility for action (e) none of the above 35) QUESTION Theories are evaluated in terms of ….. (a) plausibility, empirical support and validity (b) adequacy, comprehensiveness and usefulness (c) plausibility, comprehensiveness and reliability (d) adequacy, empirical support and reliability (e) usefulness, validity and policy implications 36) QUESTION Theories are classified to ……. (a) prevent confusion (b) differentiate between schools of thought (c) highlight structure and process theories (d) indicate consensus and conflict orientations (e) establish similarities and differences Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 37) QUESTION According to Gottfredson and Hirchi, the root cause of poor self-control is…. (a) limited education (b) inadequate socialisation (c) limited intelligence (d) inadequate child-rearing practices 38) QUESTION The common characteristics of crime are….. (a) long-term commitments (b) gratification of needs or desires (c) excitement due to the risks attached (d) skills or planning not necessarily required 39) QUESTION To rear a child properly, the following minimum requirements must be met…. (a) to punish if delinquent acts occur (b) to identify and detect delinquency behaviour (c) to show affection towards the child (d) to monitor the child’s behaviour (e) to be sensitive to the interests of the child Choose one of the following options i. (a), (b) and (e) ii. (b), (d) and (e) iii. (b), (c) and (d) iv. (a), (b) and (d) v. (a), (b) and (c) 40) QUESTION … can be defined as an inner drive that causes a person to act and is associated with internal psychological processes of desire that become a compelling force in a person’s life. (1) A need (2) Cognitions (3) A motive (4) Intent Downloaded by: zodwantsie99 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 41) QUESTION It is important to classify crime because: (1) We need to systemise information in order to know what type of crimes there are. (2) We need to allocate police resources to areas where the most crime occur. (3) We need to systemise information to allocate police resources to specific areas. (4) We need to focus on the prevention of crimes and the rehabilitation of offenders. 42) QUESTION Criminal risk factors associated with genetics include: (1) Personality, IQ, temperament and social factors. (2) Social influences, personality and mental disorders. (3) IQ, personality, and environmental factors. (4) Temperament, physiological disorders and personality