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College aantekeningen Fysiologie 1 (fysiologie1)

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Modellen van het zenuwstelsel
- CZS regelend systeem bij prikkelverwerking
- Hoe wordt een prikkel verwerkt binnen ZS?
- (Geen) vaste relatie tussen prikkel en respons
Prikkel —> Zenuwstelsel black box? —> respons




Werking van het zenuwstelsel
Modellen: begrijpen van het zenuwstelsel?
- vereenvoudiging werkelijkheid
- Inzicht verkrijgen in complexe werkelijkheid
- Meerdere modellen
- Aanvullend
- Partiële verklaring werkelijkheid




Fysiologie I

, Modellen zenuwstelsel
- Reflexmodel (= stimulus - respons)
- Kabels en banen model
- Hiërarchisch model
- Sensomotorische cirkel
- Chaosmodel
- Stimulus-perceptie model
- Intentie-actie model
- Moden van Luria
- Plastisch zenuwstelsel
- Neuronale groepen model
Reflexmodel (Descartes 1596-1650)
Deterministisch model —> Lokt vaste reactie uit
deterministisch: Voorspelbare reactie op stimulus

Vaste relatie tussen
Prikkel —> reactie
Stimulus —> respons
- Prikkel —> sensorische zenuwcel —> CZS —> effector —> beweging
Short loop: monosegmentaal / monosynaptisch
Bijvoorbeeld Kniepeesreflex (KPR)

Reflexroute
Effector (spier) —>
Sensor (spierspoel)

Afferent —> naar zenuwstelsel toe
Efferent —> van het zenuwstelsel af

Reflexen meestal complexer:
- mono - multi synaptisch
- Mono - multi segmentaal
- Short loop vs Long loop reflex
Shortloop: monosegmentaal / monosynaptisch
Bv. Kniepeesreflex
Longloop: eerst naar hersenen en daarna naar spieren multisegmentaal
Bv. Hete thee aanraken

Bijvoorbeeld:
- Terugtrek reflex
- Vangen
- Steunreflex

Hiërarchisch model (Jackson 1843 - 1919)
- Fylogenetisch model - op basis van evolutie
3 niveau’s: Hiërarchie anatomisch / functioneel
- buiten naar binnen, hoog naar laag
- Superpositie
Archiniveau: reflexen
Paleoniveau: houding, emoties, automatisme —> remt
Neoniveau: intellect, taal, bewuste motoriek, nadenken —> remt paleoniveau

Archi: laag en centraal
Neo: hoog en lateraal

Fysiologie I

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