BIOS 252 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2021, Version-1) / BIOS252 Final Exam Study Guide: Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab: Chamberlain College of Nursing

BIOS 252 Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Characteristic Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
Location Attached to Heart Lines organs,
bones airways, and
blood vessels
Presence of Yes Yes No
Sarcomeres/Striations
Nervous Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Presence of No Yes No
Intercalated Discs
Speed of Contraction Fast Moderate Slow




 Muscle Components (Tube inside a tube)

, Muscle fiber- Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle

, Myosin head movement
o ATP must be present for myosin head to bind to actin filament.
o ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and Phosphate to hold myosin to actin.
o Phosphate releases and in turn releases energy to force the myosin to pull the
actin closer.
o Depleted ADP is replaced with fresh ATP

 Steps of Contractions

,  Types of Muscle Metabolism
o Creatine phosphate- Lasts 15 seconds
o Anaerobic glycolysis- Lasts a couple minutes
o Aerobic Cellular Respiration- Lasts several minutes to hours

 Types of Contractions
o Isotonic Contraction- muscles contract and movement occurs.
o Isometric Contraction- muscles contract, but no net movement occurs.

 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
o Slow Oxidative Fibers
 Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
 Very low amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen
 Maintains posture during aerobic endurance activities
o Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
 Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
 Moderate levels of creatine kinase and glycogen
 Allows for walking and sprinting
o Fast glycolytic Fibers
 Very low amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria.
 High amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen for anaerobic respiration.
 Allows for rapid motions such as in the extraocular muscles