SHOBHIT NIRWAN's
DESIGNED
LIFE PROCESSES
NEW NOTES FOR CLASS 10 2022 EXAMS
Including PYQs in MCQ Format
NCERT Activities
Flowchart
,Life Processes
For a living being it is necessary to perform basic functions for proper body
functioning, so that it can prevent damage and breakdown of body and it’s functions.
These are basic functions performed by organisms to maintain life are known as life
processes.
(L.P.) : What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Four basic processes that are essential for maintaining life processes are-
1. Nutrition- it is the process of transferring source of energy(food) from outside to the
body of an organism.
2. Respiration- it is the process of acquiring oxygen from outside into the body and using
it for breaking down of glucose to release energy for cellular needs.
3. Transportation- it is process of carrying food and oxygen from one place to
another.
4. Excretion- it is a process of removing by-products from body which are formed
during energy generating reactions.
(L.P.) : Which are outside raw materials used by an organism?
Carbon based molecules i.e food is used by body from outside to meet it’s energy need.
Oxygen is used to oxidise food and release energy. So food and oxygen are the basic
raw materials used by an organism.
(L.P.) : Transportation system transports waste products then what is the need
of excretory system?
Transportation system transports waste products away from cells but to discard it
from the body to outside excretory system is needed.
(L.P.) : Name the process used by single celled organisms for ingestion of food,
gaseous exchange and waste removal? Why is this process insufficient to
meet the oxygen requirements in multicellular organisms?
Diffusion is the process used by single celled organisms to carry out basic life processes
such as gas exchange, etc.
It is insufficient because multicellular organisms like humans have complex body designs
and large body size. Thus they bear specialised cells and tissue for performing various
tasks.
Unlike unicellular,multicellular organisms do not have the cells in direct contact with
environment. Hence, diffusion cannot meet their oxygen requirements.
, NUTRITION
It is the process of transferring source of energy(food) from outside to
inside the body of an organism for maintaining living structure.
Modes of Nutrition:
1. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
It is mode of nutrition in which organisms, mainly green plants manufacture their food
by itself. This mode of nutrition is performed by organisms called autotrophs.
On the basis of sources of energy:
1. Photosynthesis Autotrophs- organisms which fulfil their carbon and energy
requirements by process of photosynthesis using sunlight as a source of energy.
Eg- Green plants.
2. Chemosynthesis autotrophs- organisms which utilise chemical energy to
synthesize their organic materials(food). For eg- Bacteria
Kuch Kaam Ki Baat (K3B) :
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
It is a complex process by which green parts of the plant synthesize organic food in
the form of glucose form carbon-di-oxide and water in the presence of sunlight and
chlorophyll.
→ ↑
Reaction-
6CO2 + 12H2 O C6 H12 O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Carbohydrates (glucose) are utilised for providing energy to the plant. Remaining
glucose which is not used are stored in form of starch that serves as reserved energy.
Leaves are the major photosynthesis organs of a plant. Therefore, lets study
about the INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEAF:
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEAF
Epidermis- outermost layer, parts-
Upper epidermis- it is a single layer of transparent cells with no chloroplasts. It is
covered by a waxy cuticle which protects internal leaf tissues by preventing
excessive loss of water through transpiration.
Lower epidermis- it contains stomata and helps in gaseous exchange and allows
sunlight to pass in leaves.
, Stomata- these are tiny pores, mostly found in the lower epidermis of plants,
which allows gases to enter and exit in the leaf more rapidly between plant and
atmosphere.
Guard cells- these are beans shaped cells that frame the stomatal opening.
Hence, they control rate of diffusion of water and gases in and out of leaf.
(L.P.) : How does the turgor pressure of guard cells regulate stomatal pore?
The turgor pressure of guard cells regulates the opening and closing of stomatal pores.
The stomatal pores are open when guard cells are turgid due to absorption of water
and get closed when guard cells are in flaccid condition due to loss of water.
# Chloroplasts : The green coloured plastids contained in leaves are called
chloroplasts. They are the site of photosynthesis as they contain green pigment
called chlorophyll which traps solar energy from sun. They are just below upper
epidermis. It is present as dot-like structure on leaves.
#Events of Photosynthesis :
Absorption of light by chlorophyll.
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecules
into hydrogen and oxygen.
Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
#Conditions Necessary for Photosynthesis:
(i) Sunlight- It affects the rate of photosynthesis by varying its intensity, quality, etc.
Eg-
(a) Rate of photosynthesis is minimum when light is green.
(b) Rate of photosynthesis is maximum when light is red or blue.
(ii) Chlorophyll- Green colour photosynthetic pigment found in chloroplast that is
responsible for trapping the solar energy from sun.
Lets do some activities for conditions necessary for photosynthesis.
DESIGNED
LIFE PROCESSES
NEW NOTES FOR CLASS 10 2022 EXAMS
Including PYQs in MCQ Format
NCERT Activities
Flowchart
,Life Processes
For a living being it is necessary to perform basic functions for proper body
functioning, so that it can prevent damage and breakdown of body and it’s functions.
These are basic functions performed by organisms to maintain life are known as life
processes.
(L.P.) : What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Four basic processes that are essential for maintaining life processes are-
1. Nutrition- it is the process of transferring source of energy(food) from outside to the
body of an organism.
2. Respiration- it is the process of acquiring oxygen from outside into the body and using
it for breaking down of glucose to release energy for cellular needs.
3. Transportation- it is process of carrying food and oxygen from one place to
another.
4. Excretion- it is a process of removing by-products from body which are formed
during energy generating reactions.
(L.P.) : Which are outside raw materials used by an organism?
Carbon based molecules i.e food is used by body from outside to meet it’s energy need.
Oxygen is used to oxidise food and release energy. So food and oxygen are the basic
raw materials used by an organism.
(L.P.) : Transportation system transports waste products then what is the need
of excretory system?
Transportation system transports waste products away from cells but to discard it
from the body to outside excretory system is needed.
(L.P.) : Name the process used by single celled organisms for ingestion of food,
gaseous exchange and waste removal? Why is this process insufficient to
meet the oxygen requirements in multicellular organisms?
Diffusion is the process used by single celled organisms to carry out basic life processes
such as gas exchange, etc.
It is insufficient because multicellular organisms like humans have complex body designs
and large body size. Thus they bear specialised cells and tissue for performing various
tasks.
Unlike unicellular,multicellular organisms do not have the cells in direct contact with
environment. Hence, diffusion cannot meet their oxygen requirements.
, NUTRITION
It is the process of transferring source of energy(food) from outside to
inside the body of an organism for maintaining living structure.
Modes of Nutrition:
1. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
It is mode of nutrition in which organisms, mainly green plants manufacture their food
by itself. This mode of nutrition is performed by organisms called autotrophs.
On the basis of sources of energy:
1. Photosynthesis Autotrophs- organisms which fulfil their carbon and energy
requirements by process of photosynthesis using sunlight as a source of energy.
Eg- Green plants.
2. Chemosynthesis autotrophs- organisms which utilise chemical energy to
synthesize their organic materials(food). For eg- Bacteria
Kuch Kaam Ki Baat (K3B) :
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
It is a complex process by which green parts of the plant synthesize organic food in
the form of glucose form carbon-di-oxide and water in the presence of sunlight and
chlorophyll.
→ ↑
Reaction-
6CO2 + 12H2 O C6 H12 O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Carbohydrates (glucose) are utilised for providing energy to the plant. Remaining
glucose which is not used are stored in form of starch that serves as reserved energy.
Leaves are the major photosynthesis organs of a plant. Therefore, lets study
about the INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEAF:
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEAF
Epidermis- outermost layer, parts-
Upper epidermis- it is a single layer of transparent cells with no chloroplasts. It is
covered by a waxy cuticle which protects internal leaf tissues by preventing
excessive loss of water through transpiration.
Lower epidermis- it contains stomata and helps in gaseous exchange and allows
sunlight to pass in leaves.
, Stomata- these are tiny pores, mostly found in the lower epidermis of plants,
which allows gases to enter and exit in the leaf more rapidly between plant and
atmosphere.
Guard cells- these are beans shaped cells that frame the stomatal opening.
Hence, they control rate of diffusion of water and gases in and out of leaf.
(L.P.) : How does the turgor pressure of guard cells regulate stomatal pore?
The turgor pressure of guard cells regulates the opening and closing of stomatal pores.
The stomatal pores are open when guard cells are turgid due to absorption of water
and get closed when guard cells are in flaccid condition due to loss of water.
# Chloroplasts : The green coloured plastids contained in leaves are called
chloroplasts. They are the site of photosynthesis as they contain green pigment
called chlorophyll which traps solar energy from sun. They are just below upper
epidermis. It is present as dot-like structure on leaves.
#Events of Photosynthesis :
Absorption of light by chlorophyll.
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecules
into hydrogen and oxygen.
Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
#Conditions Necessary for Photosynthesis:
(i) Sunlight- It affects the rate of photosynthesis by varying its intensity, quality, etc.
Eg-
(a) Rate of photosynthesis is minimum when light is green.
(b) Rate of photosynthesis is maximum when light is red or blue.
(ii) Chlorophyll- Green colour photosynthetic pigment found in chloroplast that is
responsible for trapping the solar energy from sun.
Lets do some activities for conditions necessary for photosynthesis.
