,3.1 An introduction to biodiversity
3.1.1 What and where is biodiversity
Biodiversity : the variety of all life on Earth .
It includes genetic diversity species diversity
,
and habitat diversity
The highest biodiversity is around the
equator and the tropics .
The lowest towards the poles .
Higher biodiversity ,
fewer limiting factors
↳
Age of area :
older , higher
↳ Environmental
stability : disturbances cause less colonisation and adaptation
↳ Range of habitats .
altitude ,
vertical extent ,
latitude ,
rock and soil
Benefits
↳ domino effect ↳ositiue feedback)
↳ education and research
↳ genetic diversity imporant for evolution
↳ recreational
↳ financial
, 3.1.2 Species diversity
able to produce fertile
Species have to be a
offspring
Species diversity : the number
of different species in a
given area
taking into account
the richness and evenness of the species .
Richness in the number
of different species in one area
Eneness is the relative abundance of the
species
Simpson Diversity Index to
compare communities
: over time or
space
D= NIN 1) / In In 1)-
-
I ↳ t
number of
simp on of organisms found
Number of
of
diversity species individuals
index a species
Not realistic when comparing different ecosystems
Importance of species diversity
.
: no evolution , species don't interact , systems don't function
3.1.1 What and where is biodiversity
Biodiversity : the variety of all life on Earth .
It includes genetic diversity species diversity
,
and habitat diversity
The highest biodiversity is around the
equator and the tropics .
The lowest towards the poles .
Higher biodiversity ,
fewer limiting factors
↳
Age of area :
older , higher
↳ Environmental
stability : disturbances cause less colonisation and adaptation
↳ Range of habitats .
altitude ,
vertical extent ,
latitude ,
rock and soil
Benefits
↳ domino effect ↳ositiue feedback)
↳ education and research
↳ genetic diversity imporant for evolution
↳ recreational
↳ financial
, 3.1.2 Species diversity
able to produce fertile
Species have to be a
offspring
Species diversity : the number
of different species in a
given area
taking into account
the richness and evenness of the species .
Richness in the number
of different species in one area
Eneness is the relative abundance of the
species
Simpson Diversity Index to
compare communities
: over time or
space
D= NIN 1) / In In 1)-
-
I ↳ t
number of
simp on of organisms found
Number of
of
diversity species individuals
index a species
Not realistic when comparing different ecosystems
Importance of species diversity
.
: no evolution , species don't interact , systems don't function
