ROOTS 2. FIBROUS
-with numerous long and slender
• ORIGIN lateral roots of about the same size
• FUNCTIONS and no dominant primary root
• KINDS OF ROOT SYSTEMS -found mostly in monocots
• EXTERNAL ANATOMY -maximize absorption
• INTERNAL ANATOMY
• SPECIALIZED ROOTS
• PHYSIOLOGY
ORIGIN: Embryonic root or radicle
FUNCTIONS
3. ADVENTITIOUS
• Absorption of water and dissolved - roots that form organs other than
minerals roots (or other than the radicle)
• Anchorage -similar in structures and functions as
• Food storage in primary roots
• Transport of minerals to and from -common in rhizomes of ferns, club
the shoot mosses and horsetails; in corn
• Specialized Functions: (support)
photosynthesis and vegetative -primary means of vegetative
reproduction, etc. reproduction
KINDS OF ROOT SYSTEMS
1. TAPROOT
- with well-developed primary root
which is more prominent than branch
roots (lateral roots)
-found mostly in dicots
-maximize support and storage
, STRUCTURE OF ROOTS • transitional meristems arise from
the tips of roots and shoots:
1. Root Tip
a) covers the root tip Protoderm- forms the epidermis
- senses environmental stimuli
Ground Meristem- forms the
(e.g., gravity)
ground tissue
- also produces mucigel
Procambium- forms the primary
phloem and xylem
b) Quiescent center
- composed of inactive cells
- organizes patterns of primary
growth and replaces damaged
cells of the adjacent meristem
2. Subapical Region
3 Zones
• Zone of Cellular Division/
Meristematic Region
• Zone of Cellular elongation
• Zone of cellular maturation/
differentiation
STRUCTURE OF ROOTS
2.2. Zone of Cellular Elongation
• ROOT CAP
- Larger, elongated cells with less
• REGION OF CELL DIVISION
defined nucleus but with prominent
• REGION OF ELONGATION
vacuole
• REGION OF
DIFFERENTIATION OR
MATURATION
Subapical Region
3 Zones
2.1. Zone of Cellular Division/
Meristematic Region
- Small actively dividing cells (apical
meristem- cells divide once or twice
per day)
-with numerous long and slender
• ORIGIN lateral roots of about the same size
• FUNCTIONS and no dominant primary root
• KINDS OF ROOT SYSTEMS -found mostly in monocots
• EXTERNAL ANATOMY -maximize absorption
• INTERNAL ANATOMY
• SPECIALIZED ROOTS
• PHYSIOLOGY
ORIGIN: Embryonic root or radicle
FUNCTIONS
3. ADVENTITIOUS
• Absorption of water and dissolved - roots that form organs other than
minerals roots (or other than the radicle)
• Anchorage -similar in structures and functions as
• Food storage in primary roots
• Transport of minerals to and from -common in rhizomes of ferns, club
the shoot mosses and horsetails; in corn
• Specialized Functions: (support)
photosynthesis and vegetative -primary means of vegetative
reproduction, etc. reproduction
KINDS OF ROOT SYSTEMS
1. TAPROOT
- with well-developed primary root
which is more prominent than branch
roots (lateral roots)
-found mostly in dicots
-maximize support and storage
, STRUCTURE OF ROOTS • transitional meristems arise from
the tips of roots and shoots:
1. Root Tip
a) covers the root tip Protoderm- forms the epidermis
- senses environmental stimuli
Ground Meristem- forms the
(e.g., gravity)
ground tissue
- also produces mucigel
Procambium- forms the primary
phloem and xylem
b) Quiescent center
- composed of inactive cells
- organizes patterns of primary
growth and replaces damaged
cells of the adjacent meristem
2. Subapical Region
3 Zones
• Zone of Cellular Division/
Meristematic Region
• Zone of Cellular elongation
• Zone of cellular maturation/
differentiation
STRUCTURE OF ROOTS
2.2. Zone of Cellular Elongation
• ROOT CAP
- Larger, elongated cells with less
• REGION OF CELL DIVISION
defined nucleus but with prominent
• REGION OF ELONGATION
vacuole
• REGION OF
DIFFERENTIATION OR
MATURATION
Subapical Region
3 Zones
2.1. Zone of Cellular Division/
Meristematic Region
- Small actively dividing cells (apical
meristem- cells divide once or twice
per day)
