THE SKELETAL SYSTEM THE STRUCTURE OF A LONG BONE
-Support and protection
PERIOSTEUM
SKELETON-is any hardened portion of the body,
- Tough membrane that surrounds and protect
which may either be located externally
bone
(exoskeleton) or internally (endoskeleton)
- Holds muscles in place and produces bone
SKELETAL SYSTEM-the framework of the - Forming cells responsible for bone growth
human body
COMPACT BONE
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Dense material beneath the periosteum
• Framework of the body - Gives bone strength to carry heavy objects
• Provides physical support and protection
SPONGY BONE
• Muscle attachment and leverage for
locomotion - At the end of bone knob that makes the bone
• Storage of minerals (calcium and knob light
phosphorus)
• Manufacture RBC in bone marrow of long
bones
TYPES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. EXOSKELETON
• Found outside the body
• Consists of dead, non-cellular secretions
• E.g., shells of crustaceans, exoskeleton of
insects, carapace and plastron of turtles
2. ENDOSKELETON
• Found inside the body
• Consists of hardened, rigid, segmented and
entirely cellular bones
• E.g., Cartilage and bone
Marrow -Soft inner part of bone
- Rich with nerves and blood vessels
Types:
1. RED MARROW- Found on flat bones (e.g.,
ribs, sternum)
2. YELLOW MARROW- Found on central cavity
of long bones
- Made up of fat cells
3. HYDROSTATIC SKELETON - serves as storage depot for fats
• A core of liquid (water or body fluid such as OSSIFICATION- The process whereby cartilage
blood surrounded by a tension resistant are transformed into bones
sheath of longitudinal or circular muscles
• A form of internal support -involves deposition of calcium compounds
• E.g., In sea anemone, worm between bone cells resulting in increased strength of
bones
-Support and protection
PERIOSTEUM
SKELETON-is any hardened portion of the body,
- Tough membrane that surrounds and protect
which may either be located externally
bone
(exoskeleton) or internally (endoskeleton)
- Holds muscles in place and produces bone
SKELETAL SYSTEM-the framework of the - Forming cells responsible for bone growth
human body
COMPACT BONE
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Dense material beneath the periosteum
• Framework of the body - Gives bone strength to carry heavy objects
• Provides physical support and protection
SPONGY BONE
• Muscle attachment and leverage for
locomotion - At the end of bone knob that makes the bone
• Storage of minerals (calcium and knob light
phosphorus)
• Manufacture RBC in bone marrow of long
bones
TYPES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. EXOSKELETON
• Found outside the body
• Consists of dead, non-cellular secretions
• E.g., shells of crustaceans, exoskeleton of
insects, carapace and plastron of turtles
2. ENDOSKELETON
• Found inside the body
• Consists of hardened, rigid, segmented and
entirely cellular bones
• E.g., Cartilage and bone
Marrow -Soft inner part of bone
- Rich with nerves and blood vessels
Types:
1. RED MARROW- Found on flat bones (e.g.,
ribs, sternum)
2. YELLOW MARROW- Found on central cavity
of long bones
- Made up of fat cells
3. HYDROSTATIC SKELETON - serves as storage depot for fats
• A core of liquid (water or body fluid such as OSSIFICATION- The process whereby cartilage
blood surrounded by a tension resistant are transformed into bones
sheath of longitudinal or circular muscles
• A form of internal support -involves deposition of calcium compounds
• E.g., In sea anemone, worm between bone cells resulting in increased strength of
bones
