1
ALL ABOUT HEART
ANATOMY
RIGHT Ventricle
- Most anterior chamber and abuts the sternum
LEFT atrium
- Highest and most posterior chamber
Frontal Projection
- Right border of cardiac silhouette – RA and SVC
- Left border of the cardiac silhouette – Left ventricle and LA appendage
Lateral projection
- Anteriorly – right ventricle
- High posterior – Left atrium sa subcarinal region
- Low posterior – Left ventricle border forming inferiorly and posteriorly
Cardiac valves
- Aortic
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonic
- Mitral valve
Pulmonary Arteries
- Left mainstem bronchus is hyparterial lies below the PA that is why hilum is higher in the
left/
- Right bronchus is eparterial meaning lies next to the right PA
Ligamentum arteriosum
- Remnant of ductus arteriosum
- Closes functionally by 24 hours
- Closes anatomically by 10 days
Aorta
, 2
- Sinus of vasalva – reservoirs created by the closure of the aortic valve and from the which
right and left coronary arteries arise
Conduction System
- Sino Atrial bode - approximately 5 to 20 mm – located in the RA , just above SVC
- Atrioventricular node – 2 x 5 mm- located in the RA along the right side of interatrial septum
- Bundle of Hos – 20 mm long tract – along right side of interventricular septum, bifurcates
into 2
- Purkinje system – from the bifurcaton
Catherization
Left sided catherization – normally accomplished via ARTERIAL PUNCTURE (femoral or brachial
artery0
Right sided catherization – VENOUS PUNCTURE (femoral or brachiocephalic vein)
PA HYPERTENSION
- Mean PA pressure of 25 mmHg or more
CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
- Mainstay imaging for HEART AND LUNGS
SIZE
- Should not exceed 0.5 in PA
- Should not exceed 0.6 on portable or AP
SHAPE
- Pericardial effusion – water bottle configuration
- Left ventricular configuration
o Shmoo sign
▪ Lengthening and rounding of the left heart border with downward extension
of the apex resulting from left ventricular enlargement
o Hypertrophy
▪ Describes increased convexity of the left heart border and apex
▪ RVH and enlargement tends to lift apex
o Straightening of the left heart border
▪ Rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis
- Hypertrophy – results from increased afterload
- Dilatation – failure of diastolic overload
MOGULS OF THE HEART
1) Aortic knob
2) Main pulmonary artery
ALL ABOUT HEART
ANATOMY
RIGHT Ventricle
- Most anterior chamber and abuts the sternum
LEFT atrium
- Highest and most posterior chamber
Frontal Projection
- Right border of cardiac silhouette – RA and SVC
- Left border of the cardiac silhouette – Left ventricle and LA appendage
Lateral projection
- Anteriorly – right ventricle
- High posterior – Left atrium sa subcarinal region
- Low posterior – Left ventricle border forming inferiorly and posteriorly
Cardiac valves
- Aortic
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonic
- Mitral valve
Pulmonary Arteries
- Left mainstem bronchus is hyparterial lies below the PA that is why hilum is higher in the
left/
- Right bronchus is eparterial meaning lies next to the right PA
Ligamentum arteriosum
- Remnant of ductus arteriosum
- Closes functionally by 24 hours
- Closes anatomically by 10 days
Aorta
, 2
- Sinus of vasalva – reservoirs created by the closure of the aortic valve and from the which
right and left coronary arteries arise
Conduction System
- Sino Atrial bode - approximately 5 to 20 mm – located in the RA , just above SVC
- Atrioventricular node – 2 x 5 mm- located in the RA along the right side of interatrial septum
- Bundle of Hos – 20 mm long tract – along right side of interventricular septum, bifurcates
into 2
- Purkinje system – from the bifurcaton
Catherization
Left sided catherization – normally accomplished via ARTERIAL PUNCTURE (femoral or brachial
artery0
Right sided catherization – VENOUS PUNCTURE (femoral or brachiocephalic vein)
PA HYPERTENSION
- Mean PA pressure of 25 mmHg or more
CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
- Mainstay imaging for HEART AND LUNGS
SIZE
- Should not exceed 0.5 in PA
- Should not exceed 0.6 on portable or AP
SHAPE
- Pericardial effusion – water bottle configuration
- Left ventricular configuration
o Shmoo sign
▪ Lengthening and rounding of the left heart border with downward extension
of the apex resulting from left ventricular enlargement
o Hypertrophy
▪ Describes increased convexity of the left heart border and apex
▪ RVH and enlargement tends to lift apex
o Straightening of the left heart border
▪ Rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis
- Hypertrophy – results from increased afterload
- Dilatation – failure of diastolic overload
MOGULS OF THE HEART
1) Aortic knob
2) Main pulmonary artery
