NURS 261 Pathophysiology II- NURS 261 Cardiovascular Disorders Active Exam Guide

Cardiovascular Disorders Active Learning Guide Instructions: These study guides are to enhance your learning. It is highly suggested you work with a group to complete the study guides and spend some time in discussion about the topics. Terms and definitions, you should always know. If there is content you do not understand, please provide questions for the instructors. You will not be required to submit the study guides, only any questions you have. Chapter 15 Terms Know the terms on the following list: 1. Systole – cardiac contraction left ventricle contracts and blood is ejected from the chamber. 2. Diastole – cardiac relaxation left ventricle ends contraction. 3. Pulse pressure – difference between systolic and diastolic arterial. 4. Stroke volume – volume of blood ejected from left ventricle during systole, this is per contraction. 1. How is blood pressure regulated? Brain in lower pons and medulla. sympathetic (constriction) and parasympathetic (relaxation) responses. Baroreceptors are sensors that detect fluctuations in BP. During a drop, they stimulate sympathetic nervous system, and rise parasympathetic. The RAAS responds to diminished circulation releasing renin, to stimulate the liver, to release angiotensin, converting to angiotensin II causing vasoconstriction. Posterior Pituitary- Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism (ADH) is secreted which is vasopressin, to increase water reabsorption. Natriuresis – heart releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain releases brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) during excess water in the blood stream. 2. How is cardiac output defined? The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute. Amount put out by left ventricle. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate 3. How does peripheral vascular resistance affect CO? it can decrease or increase CO. 4. What is the difference between HDL and LDL? HDL good – takes cholesterol to liver where it can be removed. LDL bad – takes cholesterol directly to the arteries. (gross)