Electric Vehicles Fundamentals

Electric Vehic
- An Int

,Why so much interest in EV?
14 Of the 20 most Polluted
Cities in the World



36 % of NOx emission due to
Vehicles



40 Times increase in import bill
of petroleum products


4x EV is 4 time more energy
efficient that ICE



50 Times lesser moving parts in
EV that ICE

,Issues in switching to EV
Energy Storage: Battery
• Weight, Volume and cost on the higher side
• Energy Density (Weight & Size)
• Unit of Energy : Watt-hour
• Gravitational Energy Density (Watt-hour/Kg)
• Volumetric Energy Density (Watt-hour/liter)

, Why Li - ion Battery
• Gravitational ED of Battery (NMC, NCA) is around 250 - 300 Wh/Kg today
• Expected to reach 400 - 500 Watt-hr/Kg in the Future (NMC battery with Graphite - Silica
• Volumetric ED of NMC is reaching around 500 Watt-hr/liter
• The Cost (Cell-Price) per Kwh is decreasing
• As the ED is increasing - size, volume and cost
decreases (Cost is inversely proportional to ED)
• More energy in small area
• Material Used - Lithium, Nickle, Manganese, Cobalt,
Aluminum, Graphite



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