General Translation Strategies and Procedures
Source-Text
Target-Text
Oriented Receptor
Oriented
Strategies Oriented
Theorist Strategies
(Moving the Strategies
(Moving the writer
reader to the (Adaptation)
to the reader)
writer)
Cicero Literal Trans. Free Trans.
Sutra
Translations
Zhiyi Yiyi
Word-for-word Sense-for-sense
St Jerome
Trans. Trans.
John Dryden Metaphrase Paraphrase Imitation
Schleiermacher Alienating Naturalizing
Oblique Trans.
Direct Trans.
Procedures:
Procedures: • Transposition
Vinay &
Darbelnet
• Borrowing • Modulation
• Calque • Equivalence or
• Literal Idiomatic
Translation Translation
• Adaptation
Formal Dynamic Equivalent Effect
Nida
Equivalence Equivalence
Katherina Reiss
(Text Types &
their preferred Informative Texts Expressive Texts Operative Texts
Translation
Strategy)
Juliane House Overt Trans. Covert Trans.
Semantic Trans.
& Communicative
Newmark Communicative Trans.
Trans.
Documentary Instrumental
Nord
Trans. Trans.
Venuti Foreignization Domestication
Sources:
a) Munday, J. (2013). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications.
Routledge.
b) https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781138912557/interactive_timeline.php
Source-Text
Target-Text
Oriented Receptor
Oriented
Strategies Oriented
Theorist Strategies
(Moving the Strategies
(Moving the writer
reader to the (Adaptation)
to the reader)
writer)
Cicero Literal Trans. Free Trans.
Sutra
Translations
Zhiyi Yiyi
Word-for-word Sense-for-sense
St Jerome
Trans. Trans.
John Dryden Metaphrase Paraphrase Imitation
Schleiermacher Alienating Naturalizing
Oblique Trans.
Direct Trans.
Procedures:
Procedures: • Transposition
Vinay &
Darbelnet
• Borrowing • Modulation
• Calque • Equivalence or
• Literal Idiomatic
Translation Translation
• Adaptation
Formal Dynamic Equivalent Effect
Nida
Equivalence Equivalence
Katherina Reiss
(Text Types &
their preferred Informative Texts Expressive Texts Operative Texts
Translation
Strategy)
Juliane House Overt Trans. Covert Trans.
Semantic Trans.
& Communicative
Newmark Communicative Trans.
Trans.
Documentary Instrumental
Nord
Trans. Trans.
Venuti Foreignization Domestication
Sources:
a) Munday, J. (2013). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications.
Routledge.
b) https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781138912557/interactive_timeline.php
