Exam (elaborations) HESI COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION (2016, Elsevier) 5TH EDITION E. TINA CUELLAR

HESI COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION (2016, Elsevier) 5TH EDITION E. TINA CUELLAR HESI COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION 5TH EDITION By E. TINA CUELLAR ISBN: 978-0-323-39462-8 873 PAGES HESI Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination FIFTH EDITION Editor E. Tina Cuellar, PhD, WHNP, PMHCNS, BC Director of Curriculum, Review and Testing, Elsevier/HESI, Houston, Texas 2 Table of Contents Cover image Title page Copyright Contributing Authors Reviewers Preface 1. Introduction to Testing and the NCLEX-RN® Examination Test-Taking Tips The NCLEX-RN Licensing Examination Job Analysis Studies The NCLEX-RN Computer Adaptive Testing Gentle Reminders of General Principles 2. Leadership and Management Legal Aspects of Nursing Prescriptions and Health Care Providers Review of Legal Aspects of Nursing Answers to Review Leadership and Management Review of Leadership and Management Answers to Review 3 Disaster Nursing Nursing Management for Ebola Zika Virus Review of Disaster Nursing Answers to Review Client Evaluation Recommendations to Health Care Providers for Management of Clients with Suspected Ebola Virus Infection 3. Advanced Clinical Concepts Respiratory Failure Respiratory Failure in Children Review of Respiratory Failure Answers to Review Shock Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Review of Shock and DIC Answers to Review Resuscitation Review of Resuscitation Answers to Review Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Review of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Answers to Review Electrocardiogram (ECG) Review of Electrocardiogram (ECG) Answers to Review Perioperative Care Review of Perioperative Care Answers to Review HIV Infection Pediatric HIV Infection Review of HIV Infection Answers to Review Pain: Fifth Vital Sign 4 Review of Pain Answers to Review Death and Grief Review of Death and Grief Answers to Review 4. Medical-Surgical Nursing Communication Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Teaching/Learning Spiritual Assessment Cultural Diversity Complementary and Alternative Interventions Respiratory System Review of Respiratory System Answers to Review Renal System Review of Renal System Answers to Review Cardiovascular System Review of Cardiovascular System Answers to Review Gastrointestinal System Review of Gastrointestinal System Answers to Review Endocrine System Review of Endocrine System Answers to Review Musculoskeletal System Review of Musculoskeletal System Answers to Review Neurosensory System Neurologic System Review of Neurologic System 5 Answers to Review Hematology and Oncology Review of Hematology and Oncology Answers to Review Reproductive System Review of Reproductive System Answers to Review Burns Review of Burns Answers to Review 5. Pediatric Nursing Growth and Development Pain Assessment and Management in the Pediatric Client Review of Child Health Promotion Answers to Review Respiratory Disorders Review of Respiratory Disorders Answers to Review Cardiovascular Disorders Review of Cardiovascular Disorders Answers to Review Neuromuscular Disorders Review of Neuromuscular Disorders Answers to Review Renal Disorders Review of Renal Disorders Answers to Review Gastrointestinal Disorders Review of Gastrointestinal Disorders Answers to Review Hematologic Disorders Review of Hematologic Disorders Answers to Review 6 Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Review of Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Answers to Review Skeletal Disorders Review of Skeletal Disorders Answers to Review 6. Maternity Nursing Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction Antepartum Nursing Care Review of Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction and Antepartum Nursing Care Answers to Review Fetal and Maternal Assessment Techniques Review of Fetal and Maternal Assessment Techniques Answers to Review Intrapartum Nursing Care Review of Intrapartum Nursing Care Answers to Review Normal Puerperium (Postpartum) Review of Normal Puerperium (Postpartum) Answers to Review The Normal Newborn Review of the Normal Newborn Answers to Review High-Risk Disorders Review of High-Risk Disorders Answers to Review Postpartum High-Risk Disorders Review of Postpartum High-Risk Disorders Answers to Review Newborn High-Risk Disorders Effects on the Neonate of Substance Abuse Review of Newborn High-Risk Disorders Answers to Review 7 7. Psychiatric Nursing Therapeutic Communication Coping Styles (Defense Mechanisms) Treatment Modalities Review of Therapeutic Communication and Treatment Modalities Answers to Review Anxiety and Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, and Traumatic and Stressor Related Disorders Review of Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, and Traumatic and Stressor Related Disorders Answers to Review Somatic Symptom Disorder and Related Disorders Review of Somatic Symptom Disorder and Related Disorders Answers to Review Dissociative Disorders Review of Dissociative Disorders Answers to Review Personality Disorders (DSM-5 Criteria) Review of Personality Disorders Answers to Review Eating Disorders Review of Eating Disorders Answers to Review Mood Disorders Review of Mood Disorders Answers to Review Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Review of Thought Disorders Substance Abuse Disorder Substance Use Disorder Review of Substance Abuse Disorder Answers to Review Abuse 8 Review of Abuse Answers to Review Neurocognitive Disorder (DSM-5) Review of Neurocognitive Disorders Answers to Review Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Review of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Answers to Review 8. Gerontologic Nursing Theories of Aging Physiologic Changes Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD): Dementia Psychosocial Changes Health Maintenance and Preventive Care Review of Gerontologic Nursing Answers to Review Appendixes A. Normal Values B. Recommended Daily Requirements and Food Sources C. Common Laboratory Tests Index 9 Copyright 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 HESI COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN® EXAMINATION, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-39462-8 Copyright © 2017 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, 10 relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2014, 2011 and 2008. International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-39462-8 NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classifications 2015- 2017; Herdman T.H. (Ed); copyright 2014, NANDA International, published by John Wiley & Sons Limited. NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN®, and NCLEX-PN® are registered trademarks and service marks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Senior Content Strategist: Jamie Randall Content Development Manager: Jean Sims Fornango Senior Content Development Specialist: Danielle M. Frazier Publishing Services Manager: Jeff Patterson Book Production Specialist: Bill Drone Design Direction: Ryan Cook Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 Contributing Authors Safa’a Al-Arabi, PhD, RN, MSN, MPH, Associate Professor and Accelerated BSN Track Administrator, University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Nursing, Galveston, Texas E. Tina Cuellar, PhD, WHNP, PMHCNS, BC, Director of Curriculum, Review and Testing, Elsevier/Education/HESI, Houston, Texas Claudine Dufrene, PhD, RN-BC, GNP-BC, CNE, Assistant Professor, University of St. Thomas, Carol and Odis Peavy School of Nursing, Houston, Texas Shelby L. Garner, PhD, RN, CNE, Assistant Professor and Fulbright Scholar, Baylor University, Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas Sandy Jemison, MSN, RN, Assistant Professor, Cox College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Springfield, Missouri Lucindra Campbell-Law, PhD, ANP, PMHNP, BC, Professor, Carol and Odis Peavy School of Nursing, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Texas Necole Leland, MSN, RN, PNP, CPN, Instructor, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Nursing, Las Vegas, Nevada Rosemary Pine, PhD, RN, BC, CDE, Review Course Director, Review and Testing, Elsevier/Education/HESI, Houston, Texas Katherine Ralph, MSN, RN, Nurse Manager Curriculum, Review and Testing, Elsevier/Education/HESI, Houston, Texas 12 Reviewers Judy Carlyle, MNSc, RN, ARNEC Program Director, Arkansas Rural Nursing Education Consortium (ARNEC), Nashville, Arkansas Susan Golden, MSN, RN, Dean of Health, Division of Health, Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell, Roswell, New Mexico Rose A. Harding, MSN, RN, Instructor, Coordinator of Standardization Test Evaluation Committee, JoAnne Gay Dishman, Department of Nursing, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas Rosanna M. Henry, MSN, RN, Instructor and Director, Irene Fritzky Lab, School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Donna Walker Hubbard, MSN, RN, CNNe, Retired Assistant Professor, University of Mary Hardin–Baylor, Belton, Texas Paula Celeste Hughes, MSN, RN, Nursing Faculty, Practical Nursing, Georgia Northwestern Technical College, Rome, Georgia Cheryl A. Lehman, PhD, RN, CNS-BC, RN-BC, CRRN, Retired Clinical Professor, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Nursing Consultant, Lehman Consulting LLC, San Antonio, Texas Donna Wilsker, MSN, RN, Assistant Professor, Dishman Department of Nursing, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas Nancee Wozney, PhD, RN, Dean of Nursing and Allied Health/Human Services, Nursing Department, Minnesota State College–Southeast Technical, Winona, Minnesota 13 Preface Welcome to HESI Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination with online study exams by HESI. Congratulations! This outstanding review manual with online study exams is designed to prepare nursing students for what is very likely the most important examination they will ever take—the NCLEX-RN Licensing Examination. As a graduate of an RN nursing program, the student has the basic knowledge required to pass tests and perform safely and successfully in the clinical area. HESI Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination allows the nursing student to prepare for the NCLEX-RN licensure examination in a structured way. • Organize nursing basic knowledge previously learned. • Review content learned during basic nursing curriculum. • Identify weaknesses in content knowledge so study effort can be focused appropriately. • Develop test-taking skills so application of safe nursing practice from knowledge previously learned can be demonstrated. • Reduce anxiety level by increasing predictability of ability to correctly answer NCLEX-type questions. • Boost test-taking confidence by being well prepared and knowing what to expect. 14 Organization Chapter 1, Introduction to Testing and the NCLEX-RN® Examination, gives an overview of the NCLEX-RN licensing exam history and test plan for the examination. A review of the nursing process, updated with the latest NANDAapproved nursing diagnoses, client needs, and prioritizing nursing care, is also presented. Chapter 2, Leadership and Management, reviews the legal aspects of nursing, leadership and management, and disaster nursing.