Hoofdstuk 13
Social dilemma A situation in which a person profits by
selfishness unless everybody in the
situation is selfish, in that case, the
whole group loses.
Replenishing resource management A situation in which group members
dilemma share a renewable resource that will
continue to produce benefits if group
members do not overharvest it but in
which any single individual profits
from harvesting as much as possible.
Public good dilemmas A situation in which 1) the whole
group can benefit if some of the
members give something for the
common good but 2) individuals profit
from “free riding” if enough others
contribute.
Social trap A situation in which individuals or
groups are drawn toward immediate
rewards that later prove to have
unpleasant or lethal consequences.
Sliding reinforce A stimulus that brings rewards when
used in small doses, but punishments
when used in large doses.
Altruist Someone oriented toward bringing the
group benefits, even if it means
personal sacrifice.
Cooperator Someone oriented toward working
together to maximize the joint
benefits to the self and the group.
Individualist Someone oriented toward maximizing
personal gains, without regard to the
rest of the group.
Competitor Someone oriented to come out
relatively better than other players,
regardless of whether personal
winnings are high or low in an
absolute sense.
Command-and-control policy A prescriptive legal regulation that
uses police power to punish violators.
Market-based policy An offer of rewards to those who
reduce their socially harmful
behaviour.
Voluntarist policy An appeal to people’s intrinsic sense
of social responsibility.
Deterrence view The belief that signs of weakness will
be exploited by the opponent and that
leaders need to show their willingness
to use military force.
Social dilemma A situation in which a person profits by
selfishness unless everybody in the
situation is selfish, in that case, the
whole group loses.
Replenishing resource management A situation in which group members
dilemma share a renewable resource that will
continue to produce benefits if group
members do not overharvest it but in
which any single individual profits
from harvesting as much as possible.
Public good dilemmas A situation in which 1) the whole
group can benefit if some of the
members give something for the
common good but 2) individuals profit
from “free riding” if enough others
contribute.
Social trap A situation in which individuals or
groups are drawn toward immediate
rewards that later prove to have
unpleasant or lethal consequences.
Sliding reinforce A stimulus that brings rewards when
used in small doses, but punishments
when used in large doses.
Altruist Someone oriented toward bringing the
group benefits, even if it means
personal sacrifice.
Cooperator Someone oriented toward working
together to maximize the joint
benefits to the self and the group.
Individualist Someone oriented toward maximizing
personal gains, without regard to the
rest of the group.
Competitor Someone oriented to come out
relatively better than other players,
regardless of whether personal
winnings are high or low in an
absolute sense.
Command-and-control policy A prescriptive legal regulation that
uses police power to punish violators.
Market-based policy An offer of rewards to those who
reduce their socially harmful
behaviour.
Voluntarist policy An appeal to people’s intrinsic sense
of social responsibility.
Deterrence view The belief that signs of weakness will
be exploited by the opponent and that
leaders need to show their willingness
to use military force.
