Management Project
Final Report
COVID-19 Related Stress of Millennial Indonesian Hospitality Workers in Bali, Indonesia
Research area 4: HRM & Organisation (Behavior)
Anna-Victoria Bader
Company: Not applicable
07.10.2021
Word count: 9867
NHL Stenden – Hospitality Management
Leeuwarden
The Netherlands
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the degree Program
Bachelor of Arts (Hospitality Management)
,Declaration of Own Work
,Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has hit many economies with losses in sales in many industries. One
extremely affected industry is the hospitality and tourism industry. Especially areas mainly relying on
tourism are impacted greatly. One of such areas is Bali, on which the majority of hotels had to close
down. Through such hotel closures, the employees are facing great financial cutbacks. Previous
research has shown that such shortcomings and the effects of it onto other areas of the personal and
professional life are able to trigger stress.
This research was conducted to identify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and its
influence on the living situation, job situation and financial situation on stress of millennial Indonesian
hospitality workers working on Bali, Indonesia. The quantitative research method and the selected
instrument of an online survey aided to capture responses from the distinct demographic group. The
results indicate that changes in the living environment as well as in the job situation do not increase
perceived stress. However, changes in the overall financial situation influences perceived stress.
Recommendations for businesses and the Indonesian government include education about personal
finance amongst others. Recommendations for future research suggests an extension of the age
group and more.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, Bali, perceived stress, stress stimuli, stress
responses, financial shortage
, Table of Contents
Declaration of Own Work...................................................................................................2
Abstract.............................................................................................................................3
List of Figures.....................................................................................................................6
List of Tables......................................................................................................................7
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................8
1.1 Topic Description & Context....................................................................................................8
1.2 Literature Review....................................................................................................................9
Stress and stress responses...........................................................................................................................10
Stress Stimuli.................................................................................................................................................10
Stress Level Measurement............................................................................................................................11
1.3 Conceptual Model.................................................................................................................12
1.4 Project Definition..................................................................................................................13
2. Method.........................................................................................................................14
2.1 Research Design....................................................................................................................14
2.2. Instrument...........................................................................................................................14
2.3 Population, Sample & Sampling Method...............................................................................16
Participants....................................................................................................................................................17
2.4 Data Collection......................................................................................................................18
2.5 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................18
2.6 Ethical Issues.........................................................................................................................19
3. Results..........................................................................................................................19
3.1 Influence of the Living Situation on Stress.............................................................................19
3.2 Influence of Job Security on Stress........................................................................................22
3.3 Influence of the Financial Situation on Stress........................................................................24
3.4 Most Common Stress Responses...........................................................................................25
4. Discussion.....................................................................................................................27
4.1 Discussion.............................................................................................................................27
Influence of the Living Situation on Stress....................................................................................................27
Influence of Job Security on Stress................................................................................................................28
Influence of the Financial Situation on Stress...............................................................................................28
Most Common Stress Responses..................................................................................................................29
4.2 Limitations............................................................................................................................29
4.3 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................30
Final Report
COVID-19 Related Stress of Millennial Indonesian Hospitality Workers in Bali, Indonesia
Research area 4: HRM & Organisation (Behavior)
Anna-Victoria Bader
Company: Not applicable
07.10.2021
Word count: 9867
NHL Stenden – Hospitality Management
Leeuwarden
The Netherlands
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the degree Program
Bachelor of Arts (Hospitality Management)
,Declaration of Own Work
,Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has hit many economies with losses in sales in many industries. One
extremely affected industry is the hospitality and tourism industry. Especially areas mainly relying on
tourism are impacted greatly. One of such areas is Bali, on which the majority of hotels had to close
down. Through such hotel closures, the employees are facing great financial cutbacks. Previous
research has shown that such shortcomings and the effects of it onto other areas of the personal and
professional life are able to trigger stress.
This research was conducted to identify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and its
influence on the living situation, job situation and financial situation on stress of millennial Indonesian
hospitality workers working on Bali, Indonesia. The quantitative research method and the selected
instrument of an online survey aided to capture responses from the distinct demographic group. The
results indicate that changes in the living environment as well as in the job situation do not increase
perceived stress. However, changes in the overall financial situation influences perceived stress.
Recommendations for businesses and the Indonesian government include education about personal
finance amongst others. Recommendations for future research suggests an extension of the age
group and more.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, Bali, perceived stress, stress stimuli, stress
responses, financial shortage
, Table of Contents
Declaration of Own Work...................................................................................................2
Abstract.............................................................................................................................3
List of Figures.....................................................................................................................6
List of Tables......................................................................................................................7
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................8
1.1 Topic Description & Context....................................................................................................8
1.2 Literature Review....................................................................................................................9
Stress and stress responses...........................................................................................................................10
Stress Stimuli.................................................................................................................................................10
Stress Level Measurement............................................................................................................................11
1.3 Conceptual Model.................................................................................................................12
1.4 Project Definition..................................................................................................................13
2. Method.........................................................................................................................14
2.1 Research Design....................................................................................................................14
2.2. Instrument...........................................................................................................................14
2.3 Population, Sample & Sampling Method...............................................................................16
Participants....................................................................................................................................................17
2.4 Data Collection......................................................................................................................18
2.5 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................18
2.6 Ethical Issues.........................................................................................................................19
3. Results..........................................................................................................................19
3.1 Influence of the Living Situation on Stress.............................................................................19
3.2 Influence of Job Security on Stress........................................................................................22
3.3 Influence of the Financial Situation on Stress........................................................................24
3.4 Most Common Stress Responses...........................................................................................25
4. Discussion.....................................................................................................................27
4.1 Discussion.............................................................................................................................27
Influence of the Living Situation on Stress....................................................................................................27
Influence of Job Security on Stress................................................................................................................28
Influence of the Financial Situation on Stress...............................................................................................28
Most Common Stress Responses..................................................................................................................29
4.2 Limitations............................................................................................................................29
4.3 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................30
