DVA2603 Assignment 5 2021.

DVA2603 Assignment 5 2021. Urban Development. Access to water and sanitation is vital in all the developing countries and the Municipalities are obliged to provide the services to the communities, however this has difficulties. According to the constitution of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) everyone has a right to clean and safe drinking water and an appropriate and dignified sanitation services. In this Assignment I will be outlining the challenges that municipalities in developing countries face during water and sanitation delivery and discuss the principles and strategies that could be the possible solution to resolve these challenges. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :29:17 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Water and Sanitation service delivery and Challenges Smith et al (2015) defines Urban services as “an activity performed by a government, institution, group, or individual to the benefit of urban residents”. Access to water and sanitation is considered a human right in South Africa, yet it remains inaccessible to some people/communities, the right to water and sanitation means that municipalities must take legislative administrative, budgetary and other measures to ensure that there is sustainable access to water and sanitation. In South Africa migration is the most critical issue for city governance, policy and planning people are moving from rural areas everyday to urban areas/ cities making it difficult for the government to keep up with the provision of service delivery and when they arrive to the cities they expect the service delivery. Waste management services are under pressure from rapid urbanisation and population growth, cities have no choice but to adopt better wate management practices due to the increase of environmental pollution and diminishing landfill airspace. South Africans living in slums crowded places they battle to access water because the few taps available there are not enough for everyone, also not just water crisis is the only problem but the provision of adequate infrastructure for sanitation facilities and encouraging hygiene level. As a country we are currently faced with this pandemic Covid-19 which we can overcome by the washing of hands which requires access to running water and also by the practice of good personal hygiene which requires proper sanitation, now this is another challenge we are facing as a country. Fewer waterpoints that the authorities have manged to put up in some cases have often not adequately met the growing populations in the country’s slums. People who live in shacks are prone to diseases outbreaks as well as contaminate surface and ground water system and this is realised without having enough water points and many of these people use the bucket system toilets which means a serious health hazard as long as they do not have access to enough water, this in turn affects sustainable development. The statistics on the state of water and sanitation access in developing countries show that although some improvements have been made a lot still needs to be done especially in subsaharan Africa where the progress has not been good compared to North Africa. Without water, any community’s ability to economically, socially and environmentally is drastically constrained. In terms of the National water policy water development projects should be funded by users. Because of the importance of the PPPs (Public-private partnerships) the national government together with municipalities should develop a funding model that can be applied to most projects. (Business Report, 19 July 2007,7). Ruiters (2006:131) 9 million people have access to portable water, South Africa still has a long way to go in bringing some sections of the population up to decent standards. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :29:17 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Strategies to resolve the issue of Water and Sanitation provision The Department of water and forestry is actively eradicating all bucket systems and continues to collaborate with the Departments of Health and of education to improve Sanitation in schools and clinics. Some 40 million was spent in sanitation programmes and 150 million on schools in the 2006/7 financial year (Burger 2005,639). The use of PPPs in the water and sanitation sectors have been identified and explored and this includes; - Extending operational water supply and sanitation infrastructure used in manufacturing and mineral extraction to poor communities through PPP arrangements ‘ - improving communication about private sector participation in water supply and sanitation through PPP arrangements. - improving the efficiency of the rural groundwater “borehole’’ industry through PPP arrangements. Even though there are challenges, there have been substantial gains since 1994, in early 2005 additional 15 million people had access to basic and higher levels of water supply furthermore 8.2 million more people had access to at least basic sanitation. A national programme of providing the first 6000 litres of water per household per month to all poor households has been implemented since 2001 in a growing number of municipalities. There are number of approaches that can be used to face the challenges of water and sanitation access/supply and they include commercial approaches and public-private partnership and they can be done by promoting and enabling environment. Water supply and sanitation requires a participatory approach that aims at strengthening collaboration among the three key stakeholders namely, governments, private sector and communities. (UNESC report 2005,17-18), financial viability of service providers is essential to ensure an improved sustainable water supply and sanitation and tom meet a growing demand for service. According to the SAHRC report (2006, 113) so far, the South African government has committed itself to implementing its constitutional obligations. An initiation was developed to discuss documents towards a framework on water resource allocation planning, water policy guidelines a strategic framework for water services, and the free basic water supply. The existence of these measures has occurring has according to SAHRC Report (2006, 113- 114) they led to;