MNG201 REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

MNG201 REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Managers at all levels of the organisation need three management skills, but they need it in different proportions from level to level. Middle-level managers must have the ability to …………………….. toplevel managers must have the ability to ………….. and lower-level managers must have the ability to ……………. a) perform jobs such as data entry in a computer b) see things as a whole and the interrelationship of their parts c) get employees to achieve organisational goals 1. b, a, c 2. b, c, a 3. a, b, c 4. c, b, a 2. The management process comprises four management functions, which managers perform in a specific sequence. Select an example of each management function and list it in the correct sequence. a) conduct a job interview to fill a vacant position b) determine how many units must be produced during a shift c) praise an employee for reaching his sales target d) adjust the budget to reflect an increase in wages 1. a, b, c, d 2. b, a, c, d 3. c, b, d a 4. d, c, b, a 3. Match each situation in column A with an appropriate management role in column B. COLUMN A Situation COLUMN B Management role a discuss the organisation's offer on a wage increase with union representatives e decisional b read the Business Day first thing in the morning f interpersonal c develop new total quality management techniques g informational 2 d have a mentoring session with an employee 1. ae bf cg de 2. ef bg ce df 3. ag be cf dg 4. ef bg ce dg Question 4 - 7 The following statements pertain to the evolution of management theory. Answer the questions that follow. a) A famous series of studies, known as the Hawthorne studies, gave momentum to this perspective on management. b) This researcher was a mechanical engineer and he studied the work of individual workers to discover exactly how they performed their tasks. c) According to this approach, certain disabilities can cripple an organisation. d) This perspective on management comprises management science and operations research. e) This approach views an organisation as a group of interrelated parts with a single purpose: to remain in balance. f) This famous researcher based his model on legal authority, which stems from rules and other controls that govern an organisation in its pursuit to achieve goals. g) The basic premise of this approach is that the application of management principles depends on a particular situation that a manager faces at a given time. h) Hammer and Champy are experts in this approach that entails a significant reassessment of a particular organisation. i) This approach to management grew out of the need to find guidelines for managing complex organisations such as factories. 4. Statement ……………….. refers to the human relations movement, statement ……………. refers to the learning organisation and statement………………. refers to the administrative approach to management. 1. a, b, e 2. b, f, i 3. a, c, i 4. d, g, h 5. The three management theories that comprise the classical approach to management are described in statements 3 1. a, c, i 2. b, f, i 3. c, d, g 4. i, h, e 6. Statement ………………. describes the contingency approach to management and statement ……………… describes the qualitative approach to management. 1. a, b 2. g, d 3. c, b 4. e, f 7. Statement ………………. refers to Max Weber's approach to management, while statement ……………. refers to ………… Peter Senge's perspective. 1. a, b 2. b, g 3. f, c 4. f, b 8. The main difference between the behavioural approach to leadership and the contingency approach to leadership is that ……………. 1. one focuses on the characteristics of leaders, whilst the other one focuses on the situation 2. one focuses on what the leader does and the other one focuses on the fit between a leader's style and the situation 3. the one focuses on the task and the other on the relationship of the leader and follower 4. one focuses on initiating structure and the other on consideration 9. All managers have the right to insist that employees do their work and some leaders also have personal characteristics that make their subordinates want to follow them. The two types of power referred to above are …………… 1. legitimate and expert 2. reward and referent 3. legitimate and referent 4. referent and charismatic 4 10. Managers should provide the necessary direction and support to ensure that employees' goals are in line with those of the organisation. The researcher identified four leadership behaviours directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented, which managers can use in different situations. The description above refers to ………….. theory of leadership. 1 House's 2 Hersey and Blanchard's 3 Fiedler's 4 Blake and Mouton's 11. The main difference between transactional and transformational leadership is that ……………… 1. transactional leaders are charismatic, transformational leader are not 2 transformational leaders reward people for their efforts, transactional leaders inspire people to perform beyond what is expected of them 3 transactional leaders take organisations through periods of major change; transformational leaders inspire subordinates with a vision 4 transformational leaders function well in unstable environments, transactional leaders perform well in stable environments 12. Complete the following equation: Motivation x ………. x ……….. = Performance 1. ability; opportunity 2. opportunity; reward 3. reward; situation 4. ability; reward 13. Vuyo and Thami are both first line managers in a production department. It is important for Vuyo to perceive the relationship between the reward he receives and his performance. It is also important for Vuyo to be able to perceive his own input-output ratio and that of Thami whom he regards as his equal. This is an example of the ………… theory of motivation, which can be categorised as a ………….. theory 5 1. expectancy; content 2. equity; process 3. reinforcement; process 4. equity; content 14. Cindy is working on a large programme for her organisation. As a manager she is responsible for a variety of projects, one of which must be completed in two weeks time. Cindy is working hard to meet this deadline as she does not want to be reprimanded. Cindy's behaviour is characteristic of the …………….. theory of motivation. 1. expectancy 2. equity 3. reinforcement 4. job characteristics 15. The motivation theory of Herzberg postulates that the factors responsible for job dissatisfaction are related to job ……………… 1. content 2. context 3. satisfaction 4. design 16. Which of the following control systems are used for controlling physical resources? 1 the operational budget and financial analysis 2 quality control, inventory control and operational control 3 PERT, break-even analysis and linear programming 4 labour turnover and performance measurement 17. Productivity can be defined as the relationship between products and services and the resources needed to produce it. Productivity can be increased in five basic ways. Which one of the following ways will not lead to an increase in productivity? 1. A greater output is made with fewer inputs. 2. A greater output is made with more inputs, but the increase in output is greater than the increase in inputs. 3. A greater output is made with more inputs, but the increase in inputs is greater than the increase in output. 4. A greater output is made with the same inputs. 6 18. The control process can be described in four steps. Identify the correct sequence of steps in the process from the following: a) Determine why the desired performance is different from the actual performance within a specified period. b) This step involves the improvement of the actual performance, reviewing the strategy, or lowering performance standards. c) Through planning and setting goals, the organisation's realistic aims in terms of profit, market share, productivity and personnel development can be determined. d) Through the collection and reporting of raw data and the transformation thereof into information, an organisation can measure its actual performance within a given period of time. 1. a, b, c, d 2. b, c, d, e 3. d, a, b, c 4. c, d, a, b 19. At the level of ethical decision making a medical doctor facing an ethical dilemma may refer to her professions code of ethics for guidelines to make an ethical decision. 1. organisational 2. association 3. societal 4. international 20. Henry is a manager at a large production plant and he is faced with an ethical dilemma, on which he must make a decision. He has studied the effects that his decision will have on his subordinates and has taken a decision that will benefit the majority of his subordinates to the greatest extent. What approach to ethical decision making has Henry adopted? 1. utilitarian approach 2. justice approach 3. human rights approach 4. moral rights approach 7 21. The …………………. view holds that organisations owe society more than mere goods and services, and should at least be accountable for ecological, environmental and social costs resulting from their actions, while ……………… refers to actions such as supporting or opposing public issues and responding to the present and future needs of society by trying to fulfill them. 1. social obligation; social responsiveness 2. social reaction; social responsiveness 3. social responsiveness; social reaction 4. social obligation; social reaction 22. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? 1. Managers at all managerial levels are responsible for setting goals. 2. Problem solving can be defined as the process of taking corrective action that will solve the problem and that will realign the organisation with its goals. 3. Certain problems in an organisation cannot be solved. 4. Problem solving can be defined as the process of selecting an alternative course of action that will solve a problem. 23. If the decision maker has some certainty, the outcome of each alternative is not known in advance, and probability can be assigned to each alternative outcome, the decision is taken under conditions of 1. risk 2. certainty 3. uncertainty 4. near certainty 24. Which of the following are advantages of group decision making? a) values can be transmitted and aligned b) morale and motivation of employees will improve c) groups are more likely to satisfice than individuals d) better quality decisions will be made e) group decision making may lead to conformity and groupthink 1. a, b 2. a, b, d 3. c, e 4. d, e 8 25. The financial manager of a large organisation needs to evaluate alternative investments. The net present value of each alternative investment is calculated. This is an example of a decision taken under conditions of ……….., using………… to make the decision. 1. risk; a break-even analysis 2. uncertainty; the simulation technique 3. uncertainty; the capital budgeting 4. certainty; linear programming 26. Internet access usually provides various capabilities to users. The capability that enables users to move files and data from one computer to the other, download magazines, books, documents, software and much more, are referred to as …………….. 1. electronic mail 2. file transfer protocol 3. world wide web 4. telnet 27. Software manages the operations of a computer. 1. Application 2. Procedural 3. System 4. None of the above Questions 28 to 29: Match the classification of the information system in Column A with the examples thereof the Column B. Column A Classification of the information system Column 13 Example 28. Operations information system 1. information reporting, decision support and executive information systems 29. Management information system 2. Expert, business function and process control systems 3. The Internet, e-commerce 4. Transaction processing, process control, office automation systems 9 5. Decision support, executive information, transaction processing systems 30. "A Coke within arms' reach" is an example of the Coca-Cola company’s 1. vision 2. mission 3. strategic goal 4. functional goal 31. Which of the following are components of an organisations' philosophy? 1. social responsibility 2. distinctive competency 3. the organisation's concern for financial soundness 4. all the above 32. Organisations normally possess a hierarchy of resources or capabilities. Which one of the following refers to resources that are necessary, but can easily be outsourced? 1. strategic resources 2. base resources 3. peripheral resources 4. competitive resources 33. …………………. is a growth strategy that involves acquiring a business because it presents the most promising investment opportunity available. Neither the new markets nor the new products have to be technologically related to the products currently being offered by an organisation. 1. Concentric diversification 2. Conglomerate diversification 3. Horizontal integration 4. Backward vertical integration 34. Fill in the missing words in the following table. Type of plan Focus Time-frame Specificity Strategic Entire organisation Long-term (iii) Tactical (i) (ii) (iv) 1. (i) individual; (ii) short-term; (iii) broad; (iv) specific 10 2. (i) functional areas; (ii) medium-term; (iii) directional, broad; (iv) more specific 3. (i) strategic business units; (ii) medium- and short tern; (iii) specific; (iv) directional 4 functional areas; (ii) medium-term; (iii) specific; (iv) broad 35. Which of the following are examples of single-use plans in an organisation? a) programmes b) policies c) budget d) rules e) standard procedures 36. Goals should meet certain requirements. ………… refers to the requirement that goals should indicate what they are related to, the time frame for accomplishing them, and the desired results; while ……….. refers to the requirement that the attainment of one goal should not preclude the attainment of another. 1. Measurability; attainability 2. Specificity; attainability 3. Acceptability; flexibility 4. Specificity; congruency 37. Which one of the following indicates the process of Management by Objectives (MB0)? 1. job output  performance targets  discussion of goals  determination of checkpoints  evaluation and feedback 2. performance targets  4 discussion of goals  determination of checkpoints  evaluation and feedback job output 3. determination of checkpoints  discussion of goals performance targets job output evaluation and feedback 4. job output  discussion of goals  performance targets  determination of checkpoints evaluation and feedback Questions 38 to 40: Match the organising principles in Column A with the description thereof in Column B. 11 Column A Organising principle Column B Description 38. Responsibility (3) 1. The evaluation of how well individuals meet their responsibility 39. Authority (2) 2. The right to make decisions, issue orders and use resources 40. Accountability (1) 3. The obligation to achieve goals by performing required activities 4. The ability to influence the behaviour of others 5. The power to enforce compliance 41. …………… gives management a way to delegate authority, push responsibility to lower levels and be more flexible and responsive in the competitive global environment. 1. The virtual network approach 2. Functional departmentalisation 3. Customer departmentalisation 4. The team approach 42. Which of the following statements are correct? a) Management can delegate responsibility and accountability for a task. b) Tasks of a repetitive nature can easily be delegated. c) Managers should delegate tasks, but should keep control over the necessary resources to perform the task. d) Quicker decision making takes place when delegation is applied properly. e) Delegation is only effective if authority and accountability are clearly defined. 1. a, b 2. b, d, e 3. c, d, e 4. c, e 43. Nike Inc., one of the major organisations in the athletic footwear and sports apparel industries, design technologically advanced athletic shoes, apparel, and accessories. All Nike products are sold under the Nike name but are manufactured by other organisations. This is an example.