Basic Structure of a Digital Computer
Modern digital computer has three basic parts to process data. They are
1) Input unit (input device)
2) Central Processing Unit (CPU) and
3) Output unit (output device)
1. Input Unit
The input units are used to feed the necessary data into the computer. Data is entered
into the computer through input units (device). Some of the widely used input devices are
Keyboard, Mouse, Mike, and Touch screen, Light pen, Scanner etc.
2. Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit is the most important component of a computer system. It
is the brain of computer system. CPU controls the operation of all other components such as
memory, Input and Output devices. It performs the calculations, comparisons and the general
data processing of a computer system. It also provides the necessary directions to other
components attached to a computer.
The CPU has three major parts namely Memory Unit (Primary memory), Arithmetic
and Logic Unit and Control Unit.
Input and Output devices. Il performs the calculations, comparisons and the general
data processing of a computer system. It also provides the necessary directions to other
components attached to a computer.
The CPU has three major parts namely Memory Unit (Primary memory), Arithmetic
and Logic Unit and Control Unit.
a) Memory Unit
The memory unit of a computer is used to store data, programs, intermediate and final results.
All programs and data must be placed in the primary memory before they can be used for
processing. The primary storage unit is also used to store data and program instructions
between processing steps and after processing completed, but before output is produced. In
modern computer the primary storage consists of semi conductor circuitry.
b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
The computations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations
such as comparison of two numbers can be performed in a separate section of CPU called the
Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
The first part of ALU carries out basic arithmetical operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. It also inserts algebraic sins and performs other related activities.
Modern digital computer has three basic parts to process data. They are
1) Input unit (input device)
2) Central Processing Unit (CPU) and
3) Output unit (output device)
1. Input Unit
The input units are used to feed the necessary data into the computer. Data is entered
into the computer through input units (device). Some of the widely used input devices are
Keyboard, Mouse, Mike, and Touch screen, Light pen, Scanner etc.
2. Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit is the most important component of a computer system. It
is the brain of computer system. CPU controls the operation of all other components such as
memory, Input and Output devices. It performs the calculations, comparisons and the general
data processing of a computer system. It also provides the necessary directions to other
components attached to a computer.
The CPU has three major parts namely Memory Unit (Primary memory), Arithmetic
and Logic Unit and Control Unit.
Input and Output devices. Il performs the calculations, comparisons and the general
data processing of a computer system. It also provides the necessary directions to other
components attached to a computer.
The CPU has three major parts namely Memory Unit (Primary memory), Arithmetic
and Logic Unit and Control Unit.
a) Memory Unit
The memory unit of a computer is used to store data, programs, intermediate and final results.
All programs and data must be placed in the primary memory before they can be used for
processing. The primary storage unit is also used to store data and program instructions
between processing steps and after processing completed, but before output is produced. In
modern computer the primary storage consists of semi conductor circuitry.
b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
The computations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations
such as comparison of two numbers can be performed in a separate section of CPU called the
Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
The first part of ALU carries out basic arithmetical operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. It also inserts algebraic sins and performs other related activities.
