Urban Planning, summary – Chris
Couch
Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 1; the evolution of urban change and planning........................................................................4
The early development of urban areas...............................................................................................4
The changing city in the nineteenth century......................................................................................4
The structure and dynamics of the industrial city..............................................................................5
The origins of modern town planning.................................................................................................5
The inter-war period...........................................................................................................................5
Urban planning during and after the Second World War...................................................................6
The post-war period...........................................................................................................................6
From modernism to postmodernism in urban planning.....................................................................6
Post-industrial change and planning..................................................................................................7
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2; Governance and the implementation of planning................................................................7
Introduction........................................................................................................................................7
Governance and planning systems in Europe.....................................................................................8
Planning systems in the Americas, Asia and Australasia.....................................................................8
Planning at different scales.................................................................................................................9
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 3; Sustainable development and the goals of planning..........................................................10
Introduction......................................................................................................................................10
Population change............................................................................................................................10
Land use change, urbanisation and urban sprawl............................................................................10
Global environmental challenges.....................................................................................................10
Global warming and climate change.............................................................................................10
Other forms of air pollution..........................................................................................................11
Natural resource depletion...........................................................................................................11
Towards sustainable development...................................................................................................11
Environmental assessment...........................................................................................................12
Sustainable urban development.......................................................................................................12
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................12
,Chapter 4; Economic change, development and urban planning.........................................................13
Introduction......................................................................................................................................13
The nature and structure of urban economies.................................................................................13
The size of the local economy.......................................................................................................13
The nature of the economic base.................................................................................................13
The components of local economic change..................................................................................14
The drivers of economic growth and change....................................................................................14
Supply side drivers........................................................................................................................14
Strategies for local economic development.....................................................................................14
Policy responses: land use planning.................................................................................................14
Forecasting changes in employment and the demand for employment land..............................14
Alternative approaches to local economic development.................................................................14
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 5; retailing, central areas and urban planning........................................................................15
Introduction......................................................................................................................................15
Changing patterns of retailing..........................................................................................................15
Revitalising the city centre................................................................................................................15
Planning urban centres and controlling retail and commercial development..................................15
The new economy of urban centres.................................................................................................16
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 6; Housing and neighbourhood issues in urban planning.......................................................16
Introduction......................................................................................................................................16
Assessing general housing requirements..........................................................................................17
Housing for older people..............................................................................................................17
Housing for students....................................................................................................................17
Where and what to build?................................................................................................................18
Housing obsolescence and the neighbourhood renewal..................................................................18
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................18
Chapter 7; placemaking: urban design and conservation in urban planning........................................18
Introduction......................................................................................................................................18
The image, character and aesthetic quality of urban spaces............................................................19
Contemporary approaches to urban design.....................................................................................19
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 8; mobility, accessibility and urban planning..........................................................................19
Introduction......................................................................................................................................19
The impact of transport infrastructure and systems........................................................................20
2
, Planning for accessibility and mitigating the impact of mobility......................................................20
The use of road space, parking and the design of streets.................................................................20
Transport investment and urban regeneration................................................................................20
The mechanics for transportation planning......................................................................................21
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................21
3
Couch
Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 1; the evolution of urban change and planning........................................................................4
The early development of urban areas...............................................................................................4
The changing city in the nineteenth century......................................................................................4
The structure and dynamics of the industrial city..............................................................................5
The origins of modern town planning.................................................................................................5
The inter-war period...........................................................................................................................5
Urban planning during and after the Second World War...................................................................6
The post-war period...........................................................................................................................6
From modernism to postmodernism in urban planning.....................................................................6
Post-industrial change and planning..................................................................................................7
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2; Governance and the implementation of planning................................................................7
Introduction........................................................................................................................................7
Governance and planning systems in Europe.....................................................................................8
Planning systems in the Americas, Asia and Australasia.....................................................................8
Planning at different scales.................................................................................................................9
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 3; Sustainable development and the goals of planning..........................................................10
Introduction......................................................................................................................................10
Population change............................................................................................................................10
Land use change, urbanisation and urban sprawl............................................................................10
Global environmental challenges.....................................................................................................10
Global warming and climate change.............................................................................................10
Other forms of air pollution..........................................................................................................11
Natural resource depletion...........................................................................................................11
Towards sustainable development...................................................................................................11
Environmental assessment...........................................................................................................12
Sustainable urban development.......................................................................................................12
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................12
,Chapter 4; Economic change, development and urban planning.........................................................13
Introduction......................................................................................................................................13
The nature and structure of urban economies.................................................................................13
The size of the local economy.......................................................................................................13
The nature of the economic base.................................................................................................13
The components of local economic change..................................................................................14
The drivers of economic growth and change....................................................................................14
Supply side drivers........................................................................................................................14
Strategies for local economic development.....................................................................................14
Policy responses: land use planning.................................................................................................14
Forecasting changes in employment and the demand for employment land..............................14
Alternative approaches to local economic development.................................................................14
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 5; retailing, central areas and urban planning........................................................................15
Introduction......................................................................................................................................15
Changing patterns of retailing..........................................................................................................15
Revitalising the city centre................................................................................................................15
Planning urban centres and controlling retail and commercial development..................................15
The new economy of urban centres.................................................................................................16
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 6; Housing and neighbourhood issues in urban planning.......................................................16
Introduction......................................................................................................................................16
Assessing general housing requirements..........................................................................................17
Housing for older people..............................................................................................................17
Housing for students....................................................................................................................17
Where and what to build?................................................................................................................18
Housing obsolescence and the neighbourhood renewal..................................................................18
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................18
Chapter 7; placemaking: urban design and conservation in urban planning........................................18
Introduction......................................................................................................................................18
The image, character and aesthetic quality of urban spaces............................................................19
Contemporary approaches to urban design.....................................................................................19
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 8; mobility, accessibility and urban planning..........................................................................19
Introduction......................................................................................................................................19
The impact of transport infrastructure and systems........................................................................20
2
, Planning for accessibility and mitigating the impact of mobility......................................................20
The use of road space, parking and the design of streets.................................................................20
Transport investment and urban regeneration................................................................................20
The mechanics for transportation planning......................................................................................21
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................21
3
