PERSONAL DEVELOPEMENT
(Reviewer)
Lesson:
• Knowing Oneself
• Developing the Whole Person
• Adolescence
• Coping with Stress in Middle and Late Adolescents
• The Power of Mind
Knowing Oneself
Jane, ND - “Knowing yourself is a journey”
- It’s about discovering who you are as a human being.
The Self
- The self is the subject of one's own experience of phenomena:
perception, emotions, and thoughts.
- In phenomenology, it is conceived as what experiences, and there isn't any
experiencing without an experience, the self.
- The self therefore an “immediate given”, an intrinsic dimension of the fact of
experiencing phenomena.
- In some other trends of philosophy, the self is instead seen as requiring a reflexive
perception of oneself, the individual person, meaning the self in such a view is an
object of consciousness
Self-concept
- Self-concept is one’s mental image about himself/herself. It is how a person perceives
and evaluates his/her beliefs, thoughts, and behaviour.
Actual Self
- The actual self is built on self-knowledge.
- Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others
react to you.
- The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act.
- The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing
how others view us, the actual self is our self-image.
Ideal Self
- The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be.
- It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have
, learned and experienced.
- The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we
admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best
interest.
Layers of Self by Sigmund Freud
» ID
- is the first part of the self to develop.
- It consists of all the inherited components of personality present at birth
- Including the sex (life) instinct – Eros (which contains the libido), and the aggressive
(death) instinct - Thanatos. It's the seat of all our desires and wants.
- The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche
» EGO
- The ego develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real
world. It is the decision making component of personality.
» SUPEREGO
- The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from
one's parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5.
Defense Mechanism
- Defense mechanisms are behaviours people use to separate themselves from
unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts.
- These psychological strategies may help people put distance between themselves and
threats or unwanted feelings, such as guilt or shame.
» Projection is a defense mechanism that involves taking our own unacceptable
qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people
» Displacement involves taking out our frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people
or objects that are less threatening.
» Repression is a type of psychological defense mechanism that involves keeping
certain thoughts, feelings, or urges out of conscious awareness
» Denial is probably one of the best-known defense mechanisms, used often to
describe situations in which people seem unable to face reality or admit an obvious
truth
Carl Jung‟s ARCHETYPES
» The “persona” (or mask) is the outward face we present to the world. It conceals our
real self and Jung describes it as the “conformity” archetype. This is the public face or
, role a person presents to others as someone different to who we really are (like an
actor).
» Animus/Anima. Animus archetype- The psyche of a woman contains masculine
aspects. Anima archetype- psyche of a man contains feminine aspects.
» Shadow. This is the animal/dark side of our personality (like the id in Freud).
» Self - This provides a sense of unity in experience. It expresses the unity of the
personality as a whole.
“Johari Window”
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham
1. Open
Known to self and to others
2. Blind
Not known to self but known to others
3. Hidden
Known to self but not to others
4. Unknown
Not known to self or others
Introspections or Self-Analysis
This is an in-depth analysis of self that can be initiated by the questions that may
be thought provoking but will lead us to be sure of ourselves to such it reflects our
convictions and vision for ourselves in the future.
Keep a Self-Reflective Journal
Creating self-reflective journal helps you vent out your thoughts whether
positive or negative.
Be Self-Aware
This is a skill where we listen to our feelings, thoughts and actions to understand
how it affects the person around us.
Self-Affirmation
This is the most essential thing to do to be able to create your unique self. It is
important that you love yourself. Be grateful that you are alive and last create a mantra
that will focus on your inner strength and beauty.
(Reviewer)
Lesson:
• Knowing Oneself
• Developing the Whole Person
• Adolescence
• Coping with Stress in Middle and Late Adolescents
• The Power of Mind
Knowing Oneself
Jane, ND - “Knowing yourself is a journey”
- It’s about discovering who you are as a human being.
The Self
- The self is the subject of one's own experience of phenomena:
perception, emotions, and thoughts.
- In phenomenology, it is conceived as what experiences, and there isn't any
experiencing without an experience, the self.
- The self therefore an “immediate given”, an intrinsic dimension of the fact of
experiencing phenomena.
- In some other trends of philosophy, the self is instead seen as requiring a reflexive
perception of oneself, the individual person, meaning the self in such a view is an
object of consciousness
Self-concept
- Self-concept is one’s mental image about himself/herself. It is how a person perceives
and evaluates his/her beliefs, thoughts, and behaviour.
Actual Self
- The actual self is built on self-knowledge.
- Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others
react to you.
- The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act.
- The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing
how others view us, the actual self is our self-image.
Ideal Self
- The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be.
- It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have
, learned and experienced.
- The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we
admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best
interest.
Layers of Self by Sigmund Freud
» ID
- is the first part of the self to develop.
- It consists of all the inherited components of personality present at birth
- Including the sex (life) instinct – Eros (which contains the libido), and the aggressive
(death) instinct - Thanatos. It's the seat of all our desires and wants.
- The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche
» EGO
- The ego develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real
world. It is the decision making component of personality.
» SUPEREGO
- The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from
one's parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5.
Defense Mechanism
- Defense mechanisms are behaviours people use to separate themselves from
unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts.
- These psychological strategies may help people put distance between themselves and
threats or unwanted feelings, such as guilt or shame.
» Projection is a defense mechanism that involves taking our own unacceptable
qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people
» Displacement involves taking out our frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people
or objects that are less threatening.
» Repression is a type of psychological defense mechanism that involves keeping
certain thoughts, feelings, or urges out of conscious awareness
» Denial is probably one of the best-known defense mechanisms, used often to
describe situations in which people seem unable to face reality or admit an obvious
truth
Carl Jung‟s ARCHETYPES
» The “persona” (or mask) is the outward face we present to the world. It conceals our
real self and Jung describes it as the “conformity” archetype. This is the public face or
, role a person presents to others as someone different to who we really are (like an
actor).
» Animus/Anima. Animus archetype- The psyche of a woman contains masculine
aspects. Anima archetype- psyche of a man contains feminine aspects.
» Shadow. This is the animal/dark side of our personality (like the id in Freud).
» Self - This provides a sense of unity in experience. It expresses the unity of the
personality as a whole.
“Johari Window”
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham
1. Open
Known to self and to others
2. Blind
Not known to self but known to others
3. Hidden
Known to self but not to others
4. Unknown
Not known to self or others
Introspections or Self-Analysis
This is an in-depth analysis of self that can be initiated by the questions that may
be thought provoking but will lead us to be sure of ourselves to such it reflects our
convictions and vision for ourselves in the future.
Keep a Self-Reflective Journal
Creating self-reflective journal helps you vent out your thoughts whether
positive or negative.
Be Self-Aware
This is a skill where we listen to our feelings, thoughts and actions to understand
how it affects the person around us.
Self-Affirmation
This is the most essential thing to do to be able to create your unique self. It is
important that you love yourself. Be grateful that you are alive and last create a mantra
that will focus on your inner strength and beauty.
