Exam (elaborations) Instructor’s Manual_Test Bank for THE LOGIC BOOK 4th Edition MERRIE BERGMANN, JAMES MOOR and JACK NELSON

LOGIC TEST 2 1. Define the following: a. Logical indeterminacy b. Deductive soundness c. Logical consistency 2. For each of the following, indicate whether it has a truth-value (i.e., is either true or false). If it does not, explain why not. a. Count no man lucky until he is dead. b. Whenever a general runs for President, he or she gets elected. c. I promise to be on time for class. d. There once was a barber of Seville who shaved all and only those citizens of Seville who shaved but did not shave themselves. 3. Which of the following passages are best understood as arguments? For those that are, recast the passage in standard form and determine whether the resulting argument is deductively valid. Evaluate the inductive strength of those that are not deductively valid. a. This ship is going to sink. She has been holed in three places and the pumps aren’t working. No ship with that kind of damage can stay afloat. b. Black clouds are moving in and the barometer is dropping rapidly, so there is a storm coming. c. Truman was elected because he had experience, Eisenhower because he was a war hero, Kennedy because he was young, and Nixon for no reason at all. 4. For each of the following, circle T if the sentence is true or F if the sentence is false. T F a. Every argument whose conclusion is logically true is valid. T F b. Every argument with true premises and a true conclusion is valid. T F c. Every sound argument has a true conclusion. T F d. As explicated in Chapter 1, the term ‘sound’ applies to both arguments and sentences. T F e. Every pair of true sentences is a pair of logically equivalent sentences. 5. Give an example of each of the following where one exists. If there can be no such example, explain why. a. A valid argument with at least one false premise and a true conclusion. b. An invalid argument with true premises and a true conclusion. c. A consistent set containing at least one logically false sentence.