Exam (elaborations) NR 222 HW Exam 1 Review Group Chamberlain College of Nursing

Know the definition of health promotion Definitions vary O’Donnell Definition: “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health” Kreuter & Devore Definition: “the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal (individual, family, community), private (professional & business), and public (federal, state, local govt.) support of positive health practices will become a societal norm” Know the WHO definition of health and what WHO is Defined as “the state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO is an agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health Know differences of wellness education vs. health promotion Closely related, overlap to some extent Wellness education: teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way; includes topics such as ◆ Physical awareness ◆ Stress management ◆ Self-responsibility Health promotion: promotes activities like routine exercise, good nutrition to help patients maintain/enhance their present levels of health Know the levels of prevention Primary Prevention ◆ True prevention ◆ Precedes disease ◆ Applied to patients considered physically, emotionally healthy ◆ Includes health education programs, immunizations, nutritional programs, physical fitness activities Secondary Prevention ◆ Focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems/illness and are at risk ◆ Activities directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention ◆ Mostly delivered in homes, hospitals, nursing facilities ◆ Includes screening techniques, treating early stages of disease Tertiary Prevention ◆ Occurs when defect/disability is permanent and irreversible ◆ Involves minimizing effects of long-term disease/disability by interventions directed at prevention complications/deteriorations ◆ Activities directed at rehabilitation NR 222 HW Exam 1 Review Group Chamberlain College of Nursing Know what Healthy People 2020 is, its major goals, and the nurse’s role in achievement of these goals Healthy People 2020 serves as road-map for improving the health of all people in the US Promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives 4 Goals: ◆ Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease ◆ Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups ◆ Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all ◆ Promote quality of life (QoL), healthy development, healthy behaviors across all life stages Nurse’s Roles: ◆ Advocate ● Helps individuals obtain what they’re entitled to receive through the healthcare system ● Try to make system more responsive to individual/community needs ● Help person advocate for themselves ◆ Care manager ● Prevent duplication of services ● Maintain quality and safety ● Reduce costs ◆ Consultant ● May provide knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention ● Some have specialized areas of advanced practice/expertise (gerontology, women’s health, community/public health) ◆ Deliverer of services ● Core role is delivery of direct services ● ex.) health education, flu shots, counseling in health promotion ◆ Educator ● Individuals are unique in their response to efforts to changing behavior ● Teaching may range from chance remark by nurse or structurally planned teaching according to individual needs ● Health promotion/protection heavily rely on individual’s ability to use appropriate knowledge ◆ Healer ● Requires nurse to help individuals integrate and balance the various parts of patient’s life ● Mindful blending of science and subjectivity Know the cost of financing health care and its sources of funding Hospital spending accounts for 31% of national health expenditure ◆ Is expected to continue growing 6.3% per year (as of 2010) Many other countries spend far less per capita, but life expectancy is greater & infant mortality rates are lower US spends more than any other country in healthcare dollars per person Factors driving costs: ◆ General inflation ◆ Healthcare cost inflation ◆ Application of new/more advanced technologies ◆ Growth in proportion of older adults ◆ Government financing of healthcare services