lOMoARcPSD|3013804
GEM Discussion
(Recovered)
International Business (Liberty
University)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
Running head: Discussion 1 – A GEM of a
study
1. What are the independent and dependent variables in this study?
After reading the case study and researching the definition of a dependent variable, which
Schindler (2019) states is “a primary interest to the researcher; it is measurable, predicted or
otherwise monitored”, the dependent variables are the economic standing, jobs and the GDP.
Independent variables are defined the variable the “experimenter manipulates or changes and is
assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable”[ CITATION Sau19 \l 1033 ]. This
study contains numerous independent variables, which are on display in Exhibit C-GEM 1-1.
The independent variables are the general national framework conditions, entrepreneurial
opportunities, entrepreneurial framework conditions, entrepreneurial capacity, and business
dynamics.
2. What are some of the intervening, extraneous, and moderating variables that the
study attempted to control with its 10-nation design?
“Intervening variables represent the aspects that are external to assigned variables of the
undertaken study but intervene in the relationship between independent and dependent
variables”[CITATION Pok19 \p 2 \l 1033 ]. An intervening variable could be the relationship or
lack thereof between the government and business start-up rates. In this study, the relationship
(intervening variable) can be explained in the General National Framework Conditions
(government) and the Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (government programs). Next is
moderating variables, which points to the variable that can significantly affect the independent
and dependent variables by strengthening, diminishing, or negating them. Moderating variables
are useful because they help explain the links between the independent and dependent
GEM Discussion
(Recovered)
International Business (Liberty
University)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
Running head: Discussion 1 – A GEM of a
study
1. What are the independent and dependent variables in this study?
After reading the case study and researching the definition of a dependent variable, which
Schindler (2019) states is “a primary interest to the researcher; it is measurable, predicted or
otherwise monitored”, the dependent variables are the economic standing, jobs and the GDP.
Independent variables are defined the variable the “experimenter manipulates or changes and is
assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable”[ CITATION Sau19 \l 1033 ]. This
study contains numerous independent variables, which are on display in Exhibit C-GEM 1-1.
The independent variables are the general national framework conditions, entrepreneurial
opportunities, entrepreneurial framework conditions, entrepreneurial capacity, and business
dynamics.
2. What are some of the intervening, extraneous, and moderating variables that the
study attempted to control with its 10-nation design?
“Intervening variables represent the aspects that are external to assigned variables of the
undertaken study but intervene in the relationship between independent and dependent
variables”[CITATION Pok19 \p 2 \l 1033 ]. An intervening variable could be the relationship or
lack thereof between the government and business start-up rates. In this study, the relationship
(intervening variable) can be explained in the General National Framework Conditions
(government) and the Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (government programs). Next is
moderating variables, which points to the variable that can significantly affect the independent
and dependent variables by strengthening, diminishing, or negating them. Moderating variables
are useful because they help explain the links between the independent and dependent
