Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR Essential Cell Biology 4th edition by Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter

1: CELLS: THE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE Unity and Diversity of Cells 1-1 Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that there are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms, it remains difficult to define what it means to say something is alive. Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit? (a) DNA (b) cell (c) organelle (d) protein 1-2 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The Paramecium is a multicellular microorganism covered with hairlike cilia. B. Cells of different types can have different chemical requirements. C. The branchlike extensions that sprout from a single nerve cell in a mammalian brain can extend over several hundred micrometers. 1-3 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. Cells can be very diverse: superficially, they come in various sizes, ranging from bacterial cells such as Lactobacillus, which is a few __________________ in length, to larger cells such as a frog’s egg, which has a diameter of about one __________________. Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree in their chemistry. For example, the same 20 __________________ are used to make proteins. Similarly, the genetic information of all cells is stored in their