MGG2602 EXAM PREPARATION – Previous Exams Latest 2021.

MGG2602 EXAM PREPARATION – Previous Exams Latest 2021. Penetrative sex has deeper emotional consequences for children than the mere touching of the sexual organs. Answer: This statement is false. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 91 Reasoning: In working with child abuse survivors, one realises that stimulation and penetration do not have to occur for a child to be sexually traumatised. Question 3 The primary objective of a parent whose child has been sexually abused should be to help the child to forget about the abuse and return to everyday activities as quickly as possible. Answer: This statement is false. Refer: MGG2602 TL201, pg. 85 Reasoning: Sexually abused children may experience a range of emotions as a result of the abuse. Even though they may experience intense emotional turmoil, they are forced to maintain silence because offenders do everything in their power to promote forgetting. “Secrecy and silence are the perpetrator’s first line of defence. If secrecy fails, the perpetrator attacks the credibility of his victim. If he cannot silence her absolutely, he tries to make sure that no one listens” (Herman, 2001:8). Question 4 Educational programmes that educate children about why it is important to say no to sexually abusive touching and acts reduces the chances of being sexually abused. Answer: This statement is false. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 211 Reasoning: A multitude of child protection programmes emerged in the 1980s. These programmes used a variety of mediums such as film, theatre, puppetry, books, S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 3 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams comics, role-play and discussion groups, which were usually classroom based, to teach children how to protect themselves against sexual assault and what to do if they experienced actual or potential abuse. The main objectives of these preventive endeavours were to teach children things such as the differences between “good”, “bad” and “questionable” touching, the concept of body ownership and children’s right to control who touches their bodies and where they may be touched. These programmes encouraged children to tell someone if they had been “touched” by another person, even if they had been told by the person not to reveal the incident. They alerted children to a range of resources they could consult if they were abused. Sadly, many of these programmes failed to achieve their desired outcomes. Question 5 It is not the responsibility of the district surgeon to treat the survivor of sexual abuse once the forensic evidence has been collected and a charge of rape has been laid. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 101 Reasoning: The district surgeon should be experienced in dealing with the special needs of a child during this investigation. Sadly, the district surgeon is not allowed to treat the child since his or her role is to collect evidence. Question 6 South African law no longer defines rape as a crime that is only committed against women. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 158 Reasoning: The Sexual Offences Act of 2007 redefined rape as well as identified and defined various forms of sexual offences. The new definition of rape is gender neutral and is defined as follows: “Any person (‘A’) who unlawfully and intentionally commits an act of sexual penetration with a complainant (‘B’), without the consent of B, is guilty of the offence of rape.” Question 7 The feminist perspective holds that incest is the product of men abusing the power that is bestowed on them as a result of the patriarchal system that is so evident within many of our societies. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 57 Reasoning: The feminist movement drew attention not only to men’s violence against women, but also to their efforts to oppress them. The movement highlighted that more women were raped, abused assaulted, burned, beaten and killed by their male lovers than by all categories of men combined (Funk 1997). Question 8 If children are taught that they are allowed to break socially sanctioned behaviours when it comes to their being sexually abused the rate of sexual abuse would decrease. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 4 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Answer: This statement is true. Question 9 One cannot always blame perpetrators of sexual abuse because in some instances women provoke men to abuse them by the way they act, such as wearing revealing clothing, being in public under the influence of alcohol, accepting a lift from a stranger. Answer: This statement is false. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 115 Reasoning: Myth: Incest only happens to bad girls It is often said that only women who consciously or unconsciously “ask for it” get abused sexually. Matsakis (1996) reports that two thirds of Americans believe that acts of sexual abuse are provoked by women and girls who dress or act provocatively. There is a popular sentiment that women engage in sexual acts voluntarily and then turn around and call it abuse later. This message certainly taints survivors as bad, sexually “loose” women. Abuse happens to men and women of every age, race, nationality and religion, no matter what their dress code or behaviour. Question 10 It is not possible for a woman to rape a healthy man unless he is consciously or unconsciously willing. Answer: This statement is false. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 192 Reasoning: It should not be concluded that females are innocent of committing acts of sexual abuse on males. Mounting research evidence about sexual abuse perpetration on male children at the hands of female teenagers and adults has begun to challenge the assumption that only males are responsible for sexual assaults. Because sexual molestation by females tends to be less physical and more coercive than sexual molestation committed by males, it is much more difficult to monitor its prevalence. The incidence of female on male sexual abuse could be as high as 10 to 35% in cases of child sexual abuse. Question 11 The burden of proof in rape cases has been changed because of the new Sexual Offences Act of 2007 The burden of proof no longer rests on the victim but on the accused, who has to prove that the sex act was consensual. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 220 Reasoning: The amendments proposed protect victims of sexual abuse, to some extent, against further victimisation during court cases because the onus will be on the offender to prove that the sex act was consensual; the onus will not be on the victim to prove that the sex act was non-consensual. The amended legislation addresses the shortcomings of the old Act by offering a more inclusive definition of rape, S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 5 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams conveying recognition that all acts of sexual abuse are potentially harmful, not just acts involving penetration of the female sex organs. Question 12 It is inaccurate to conclude that sexual offence rates are sharply increasing and that sexual abuse is symptomatic of modern societies. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 47 Reasoning: While concern about sexual abuse has grown in the last three decades, we should not conclude that this concern represents a drastic increase in the nature and the scope of the problem. If we choose to be optimistic, we will believe that this concern represents growth in a social movement urging society to identify and to address the sexual abuse crisis that was overlooked by earlier societies. Question 13 Male survivors of rape are most likely to conceal their abuse and so their loved ones will never recognise that they have experienced a traumatic ordeal. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 TL102, pg. 59 Reasoning: Sexually abused men also remain trapped. Society emasculates them. It is easier for male survivors of sexual abuse to keep their pain hidden and remain silent than to be emasculated. Question 14 Sibling sexual abuse tends to be more detrimental for child victims than sexual abuse by a stranger. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 167 Reasoning: It is more complicated dealing with the aftermath of rape by an acquaintance than rape by a stranger. Question 15 There is no internationally recognised definition for rape. Answer: This statement is true. Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 28 Reasoning: Practitioners and researchers will never find universal definitions of trauma or sexual trauma. Definitions of this kind change with time. They can only be understood within the broad context in which they occur. They are influenced by both culture and socio-political trends that are pertinent at a particular point in time and in a particular place. PART TWO, Complete the sentences below by completing the missing words or phrases. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 6 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Question 16 A flashback is an action replay of a traumatic event that is triggered by ___. 1) sensory stimuli 2) the unconscious Answer: The correct answer is (1). Reasoning: A flashback, or involuntary recurrent memory, is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual has a sudden, usually powerful, re-experiencing of a past experience or elements of a past experience. Flashbacks can be triggered by a sensory feeling, an emotional memory, a reminder of the event, or even an unrelated stressful experience. Question 17 A professional culture in the field of sexual abuse refers to a group of professional people who ___. 1) work together to combat sexual abuse 2) share a genuine interest in this field and compassion for those who have been traumatised. Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 27 Reasoning: Involvement in a professional culture. This refers to having an interest in working with children and adults in this specific field. Helpers must demonstrate an active interest in ongoing development and training in the field of sexual trauma so as to be fully informed of empirically based intervention methods. Question 18 When dealing with constant crises and stresses, the helper needs to possess ___. 1) a good sense of humour 2) good problem-solving skills Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 25 Reasoning: A positive approach to life, good problem-solving skills and flexibility are vital to giving survivors hope for the future. Question 19 Rape is crime committed because of the perpetrator's overwhelming need to ___. 1) abuse his or her power 2) act upon an irrepressible sexual urge Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 165 S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 7 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Reasoning: The reality is that rape is a violent crime that is unrelated to the rapist’s ability to control his or her sexual urges. The reality is that rape is more of a power-related response than a sexually-related one. Question 20 Definitions of rape are ___. 1) consistent 2) diverse Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 28 Reasoning: Practitioners and researchers will never find universal definitions of trauma or sexual trauma. Definitions of this kind change with time. They can only be understood within the broad context in which they occur. They are influenced by both culture and socio-political trends that are pertinent at a particular point in time and in a particular place. Question 21 Why does sexual abuse damage a child? 1) It doesn't - In some cultures it is considered normal 2) It alters consciousness and forces the development of extraordinary capacities Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 83 Reasoning: The dysfunctional context of child sexual abuse forces the development of extraordinary capacities, both creative and destructive. It cultivates abnormal states of consciousness that allow for the development of an enormous array of symptoms, both somatic and psychological. Question 22 One can expect that the majority of sexual offenders who commit acts of sexual abuse against males are most likely ___. 1) homosexuals 2) heterosexuals Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 188 Reasoning: The majority of men who rape other men identify themselves as heterosexual. Question 23 Which theory moves beyond the simple, linear, cause-and-effect way of understanding relationships? 1) Systems perspective S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 8 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams 2) Psychoanalysis Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 60 Reasoning: Systems theory moves beyond the simple, linear, cause-and-effect way of understanding relationships. Question 24 Systemic practitioners may attribute incestuous sexual abuse to ___. 1) the severe role strain experienced by its members 2) the sexual incompatibility between the parents Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 61 Reasoning: This perspective suggests that incest fulfils a particular function in the family system. It is considered a family problem rather than one member’s inappropriate behaviour. The incest is viewed as a complex series of interactions between different family members in their effort to keep their stressful family system afloat. Question 25 The most probable cause for sibling incest is the result of inadequate ___. 1) parental nurturance 2) sex education Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 94 Reasoning: Neglect. The biggest factor contributing to child sexual abuse is that victims’ psychosocial needs are not being taken care of because their parents are not available to offer the necessary support. Parents may be too busy with their own problems and so children find their own means to fulfil their needs. Because their needs are being overlooked, it is easier for them to be insensitive to the needs of others. Question 26 Which theoretical approach focuses on signs, symptoms and diagnoses? 1) Medical model 2) Psychoanalysis Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 52 Reasoning: When we talk about signs, symptoms and diagnosis, it suggests that we may be operating from a medical model or paradigm. Question 27 Rituals have value on facilitating healing because they ___. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 9 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams 1) foster forgiveness and reconciliation 2) self-disclosure and breaking the silence Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 151 Reasoning: Rituals have value in helping individuals to escape the effects of an identity as a problematic person, facilitating a process of forgiveness and reconciliation and marking their accomplishments. Question 28 When a child withdraws his or her original statement about the sexual abuse this is referred to as ___. 1) inconsistent disclosure 2) retraction Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 70 Reasoning: He suggested that there were five categories in the syndrome: - secrecy - helplessness - entrapment and accommodation - delayed, conflicted and unconvincing disclosure - retraction Question 29 Repression, denial, regression and projection are concepts of ___. 1) the medical model 2) psychoanalysis Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 50 Reasoning: Assumptions and main theoretical concepts of psychoanalysis He identified a number of typical defence mechanisms, including the following: - Repression. An individual excludes threatening or painful thoughts and desires from his or her consciousness. - Denial. This consists of coping with anxiety by ‘‘closing our eyes’’ to the existence of an anxiety-producing reality. - Regression. This consists of an individual returning to a less mature developmental level. - Projection. Individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, behaviours and motives to others. Question 30 Briere's approach to dealing with survivors of abuse proposes that survivors develop ___ in order to manage their abusive history. 1) defence mechanisms S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 10 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams 2) healthy accommodations Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 72 Reasoning: Although some others, perhaps even you, see your coping behaviours as sick or “dysfunctional”, your actions have been the reverse: healthy accommodations to a toxic environment. PART THREE: Choose the most appropriate response. Question 31 For a person to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder one would expect that person to re-experience trauma related symptoms, avoid trauma related stimuli, experience ___. 1) increased arousal 2) exhibit one or more of the following, an acute stress disorder, a dissociative disorder, a mood disorder 3) show signs of traumatic neurosis or shell shock Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 20 Reasoning: The current diagnosis of PTSD using the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is made when a person experiences an extreme trauma and develops three clusters of symptoms: re-experiencing the trauma; avoidance of trauma-related stimuli and symptoms of increased arousal. The symptoms must be present for more than one month and significantly impair the person’s functioning. These symptoms may result in long-standing psychological difficulties for victims. Question 32 Carl Rogers is often referred to as a ___. 1) philanthropist 2) phenomenologist 3) psycho analyst Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 25 Reasoning: The emphasis is placed on developing a special kind of relationship with the survivor, one that is built on the four conditions identified by Carl Rogers, a phenomenologist who developed the Person-Centred Approach to helping, as the core conditions for any helping relationship. Question 33 Intra-familial molestation is a term used to describe acts of molestation committed by ___. 1) blood relatives, step relatives or primary carers of the victim 2) someone who is not a blood relative of the victim 3) an immediate member of the victim 's nuclear family S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 11 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 90 Reasoning: Intrafamilial sexual abuse is more commonly referred to as incest. This term refers to sexual relations between a child and a family member, extended family member or surrogate parent figure - in other words, a parent, a sibling or a relative such as a grandparent, an uncle, an aunt, a step-parent or a cousin. Question 34 The sexual offender is usually ___. 1) a person who is known and trusted by the victim 2) a person in authority who is known to the victim 3) a person with a sexual identity crisis Answer: The correct answer is (1). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 95 Reasoning: It is estimated that in 80% of cases, the sexual abuser is someone who is known to and trusted by the victim. Question 35 The term that is used to describe the sexual era that is represented at this point in time is the ___. 1) Love Generation 2) New Morality 3) Sexual Promiscuity Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 33 Reasoning: The New Morality evident in developed nations has begun to challenge previously held sexual attitudes and norms that were upheld by Jewish-Christian beliefs for centuries. Question 36 Survivors of sexual abuse who resort to self-mutilation do so because ___. 1) they cannot see any point of carrying on living and they really want to die but are too afraid of committing suicide 2) physical pain is a way of alleviating the emotional pain they experience 3) It is a way of drawing attention to themselves and this relieves their insecurities Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 131 Reasoning: Sometimes survivors’ self-castigation, anger and shame become so intense that they are harder to tolerate than physical pain. Abused children discover at some point that these feelings may be terminated by a major jolt to the body. “The most dramatic method of achieving this is through the deliberate infliction of injury” (Herman 2001:109). The physical pain seems to alleviate the unbearable feelings. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 12 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Question 37 Sexual abuse is commonly experienced in ___. 1) all social strata 2) lower socio-economic groups 3) patriarchal communities Answer: The correct answer is (1). Question 38 When a child under six tells a story of sexual abuse ___. 1) They should be believed because they are too young to make us such a story 2) they should be taken seriously as the story is evident that he or she is experiencing some problem at that point 3) the child is trying to get attention by getting someone into trouble Answer: The correct answer is (2). Question 39 During acute intervention the helper dealing with the case of sexual abuse assists the survivor of sexual abuse to ___. 1) process feelings of ambivalence related to the self, the world and justice and fairness 2) deal with the immediate crisis and the related practical issues related to protecting his or her safety 3) work through the process of integration Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 173 Reasoning: During the acute phase, the purpose is to address the practical matters that have been caused by rape, for example, health, safety and violation of privacy, at a time when the survivor’s functioning is often significantly heightened by the high levels of adrenaline released in response to the trauma. Question 40 Distracting a child who has been sexually abused from thinking or talking about the abuse is likely to ___. 1) help the child forget about the trauma so that he or she will forget about what happened and recover more quickly 2) aggravate the child 's symptoms of trauma 3) convey to the child that sexual abuse is a bad thing to speak about Answer: The correct answer is (2). Question 41 S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 13 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams When a child suddenly starts engaging in sexual play with his or her peers one should consider it to be ___. 1) an indicator that the child could have been exposed to developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour 2) a symptom of sexual abuse 3) normal sexual experimentation Answer: The correct answer is (3). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 83 Reasoning: Interest in their own bodies, and the bodies of others, is a normal part of developing children’s world. Sexual experimentation, manifesting itself in different forms at different times of development, is also part of the growing child’s quest for identity. Experimentation carried out within a peer group, or same-age pairing, often suggests mutual curiosity, discovery and playfulness. Walker (2004) suggests that this mutuality, based on an equality of developmental level, power and choice, combined with an unspoken knowledge and awareness of how far the game will go, renders the activity harmless. Question 42 It is generally accepted that perpetrators of sexual abuse tend to target ___. 1) children who are conveniently situated close to their place of employment or residence 2) children who are socially attractive 3) children who lack confidence Answer: The correct answer is (3). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 214 Reasoning: Because perpetrators are more likely to target vulnerable children, that is, children who lack confidence and who have low self-esteem, equipping children with life skills increases their capacity to avoid or to resist abuse. Question 43 According to a systems perspective a disengaged relationship implies that ___. 1) the marital couple are separated 2) the marital couple do not rely on one another to fulfil each other’s needs 3) neither of the above Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 63 Reasoning: Generally, the marital relationship in an incestuous family is described as poor and unsatisfying and is often referred to as “one that does not exist” or as disengaged. Although the couple are still legally bound in matrimony, few of the marital functions are fulfilled within the relationship. The marital couple usually do not share bedrooms and beds, and have ended their sexual relationship. The intimacy that should take place between the couple does not and a violation of intergenerational boundaries occurs. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 14 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Question 44 Matsakis (1996) suggests that the anxiety, confusion, depression, and/or disequilibrium that are caused by trauma are further aggravated by ___. 1) the nature and severity of the trauma that was experienced by the survivor 2) the shattering of the survivor's assumptions about human nature and the world he or she lives in 3) the survivor's developmental stage Answer: The correct answer is (2). Refer: MGG2602 Study Guide, pg. 19 Reasoning: Matsakis (1996) explains that the anxiety, confusion, depression or disequilibrium caused by the trauma is further exacerbated by the shattering of these assumptions. PART 3. QUESTIONS BASED ON THE CASE STUDY Read the case study attached. 1 "He wasn't a stranger to me He didn't jump out of a bush at night I felt safe because I thought I knew him. I wish I knew then what I know now I believed that rapists were dark, evil figures following you on the street late at night, or breaking into your house through a window. I was so wrong. 2 I met him a few weeks before at the gym. He was an instructor who introduced himself to me and my friend at the juice bar. She told me it was time I got myself a boyfriend and this guy was rich and good-looking. My mother was concerned that he was quite a few years older than me, but she relaxed when she heard he worked at the gym. He was also kind and charming, and he drove a really cool car. Sometimes he offered us a ride home, and people in the street would turn and look at us as we whizzed past in a flash of red. It was a new and exciting experience for me, and I was flattered by his attention. He was so much more sophisticated than the ridiculous boys in my social circle, who thought they were so great in their baggy pants and caps. 3 We met a few more times for a drink after gym classes, and then he insisted on taking me and my friend out for dinner on her birthday. When I think back, some memories are incredibly vivid while others have faded away. I remember the dinner at the expensive restaurant and that I kept thinking he was a real catch. We had a pleasant evening and afterwards he dropped my friend off first, saying he wanted to treat me to a special coffee. So, we ended up at his place, in his fancy kitchen, where he ground the beans himself for our coffee. His home was beautiful, in a classy area and filled with luxuries my family could never afford. I had no Idea of what was going to happen and how it would forever change me. 4 We were sitting on the couch drinking the hazelnut-flavoured coffee when he leaned over and kissed me. I couldn't believe that this handsome, wealthy man could be attracted to me, and my heart was racing. I kissed him back until he started pushing me down on the couch. I was shocked and suddenly felt uneasy - he was going a little too fast for me. But he persisted. I turned my face away from his mouth , pushing his shoulders away from me. I think I made a feeble joke about having to get home to my mom. He didn't seem to hear me at all. Suddenly he pushed me down on the floor – It happened so quickly. I barely had time to realise what was going on. What happened next has left me shocked and paralyzed for years. I was too young and too inexperienced to deal with it. I shouted out and he hit me. I started crying, struggling to free myself. He was so strong. He S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 15 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams was breathing hard and sweat from his brow was dripping onto my face. I could smell his body odour. I didn't want to believe what was happening and I kept thinking "This can't be true!" I begged him, "Please don't!" and then I screamed as loud as I could. All of a sudden, he was holding a knife to my neck, hitting me again and telling me to shut up. His kind eyes were now black and full of hatred. 5 I was stunned. I had never been hit like that before and I could feel the blood rushing to my face. I stopped screaming, because I was terrified by the anger in his voice and eyes, but I couldn't stop crying. I could taste blood mixed with salty tears in my mouth. The next thing I remember is the awful, searing pain. I wanted to throw up. I thought I couldn't take It for another second. At some point I realised that there was nothing that I could do. I Simply focused on the ceiling fan and waited for it to be over. But It didn't end there. Minutes turned into hours. Hours filled with threats, humiliation and tears. Throughout the whole time he reminded me that he could, and probably would, cut my throat. Still to this day there are pieces of what happened and of what he did that I have never dared to reveal to anyone. I doubt I ever will. 6 Whenever I thought it was over and tried to get up, he would stop me and tell me to stay where I was, it was not over for him. When he raped me for the third or fourth time, I blacked out. For years I had flashbacks of those moments and when it happened I could only go to a quiet place, sit down and whisper "Please stop, please make It go away now" There are still missing pieces here and there but other details are so clear in my mind, like the pattern on the ceiling. When I tried to remember other details I could only see myself in his bathroom, washing my red blood away in the white basin. Then I see him behind me in the mirror, handing me a towel. I hear his voice like an echo in my head, "I called a taxi for you, now pull yourself together. You can't go out looking like that " 7 I could feel his footsteps right behind me as I was walking to the door. Just before I got there, he grabbed me by the arm and said "Let's not make a big deal out of this, ok? Things got a little out of control, but that's because you were coming on to me all through dinner. If anyone asks you, say you fell at the gym, understood?" I stuttered "Yes, I fell " From that moment on, I was numb to everything. 8 The taxi driver was talking to me, asking me where I wanted to go I couldn't give him an answer or a direction. He asked If there was someone he could call, but I couldn't remember my home phone number. My mind was blank, except for floating images of what had happened. My face was bruised all over, my lower lip split and bloodied, my right eye blackened. The driver must have noticed the bruises on my face and my ripped clothes because he drove me straight to the emergency clinic. As he helped me into the waiting room, I caught a whiff of strong coffee. Suddenly It felt as If I was back on the floor in his house. Images and colours began to swirl around my head. I started screaming and struggling, my legs gave in and I collapsed to the floor. Everything was out of focus, the lights, the doors, and then the doctor in a blurry white coat. I didn't even pay the taxi driver for my ride. He didn't even ask me. 9 For several weeks the events of that night flooded my consciousness. The intensity of my feelings was so strong that I didn't know if I could contain them. In moments of desperation I would find something sharp and scratch the skin on my arms until it bled. This gave me some relief. I cried until my eyes were red and swollen. I couldn't leave the house and stayed in my bedroom with the curtains drawn. I forbade anyone to make coffee, and I could barely eat. I started taking sleeping pills to help me through the nights. My family was stunned. They could not make sense of my behaviour or why I was so emotional. I couldn't even manage the simple tasks of my usual dally routine like getting dressed. I couldn't look at the mirror in the bathroom and refused to use the basin. I stopped exercising and never returned to the gym. My friend told me months later that he S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 16 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams was still working there, and was often in the juice bar, chatting to young girls just like me. She wanted me to go to the police, but I just had no energy to do that. My parents tried to get me to see someone professional but I was too ashamed to speak to anyone about that night. I hadn't even told the doctor at the clinic that I had been raped. After all, It was my fault wasn't It? I had found him attractive and I had wanted to be alone with him. I had probably given him vibes that had led him on. I had enjoyed his lavish lifestyle 10 After two years of depression and isolation, I decided I couldn't go on like that I was going to die or find a way to go forward. I embarked on a long journey of self-forgiveness and healing. I realised that I could not change what had happened to me in the past, but I could still choose the future. I began to talk to a counsellor at the church, where I eventually also started a part-time job. She allowed me space and time to revisit the events of that night and listened with great empathy when I was finally able to put words to those awful experiences. Sometimes I could not speak, and she would wait patiently, handing me tissues while I wept. Later, when I became very angry at the injustice of It all, like the fact that he was simply continuing his life while mine was failing apart, she tolerated my cursing, my ranting and raving. Gradually, she helped me discover myself again, and helped me to find my inner strengths. She helped me to see that I was not responsible for that pervert's actions. She helped me realise that he had carefully engineered everything and lured me into his home, so that I would not be able to avoid his sexual advances. He had selected someone young and naive whom he could impress with his money. Someone with limited life experience and limited power to fight back. He had not respected my pleas for him to stop and had continued to threaten and abuse me for many hours. 11 I have accepted that this horrible experience will never be erased from my life, that it will always be a part of me, but I have also vowed that this experience will not define the kind of person I am. I have taken stock of my strengths and weaknesses and will no longer allow one man's sexual indiscretion to prevent me from becoming the person I was meant to be. Slowly, I have begun to meet and trust new people, and allow myself to enjoy their company. I have learnt that I am stronger than I ever imagined. I became aware of my self-destructive behaviour and the reasons for it, and have learnt healthier ways of expressing my emotions. I think I am finally at the point where I can say "I am ok " Question 45 The case study describes an example of ___. 1) sexual harassment 2) premeditated rape 3) statutory rape Answer: The correct answer is (2). Question 46 The reason the woman in the case study became a victim is ___. 1) she was relatively powerless 2) she was young and beautiful 3) she liked him and had led him on Answer: The correct answer is (1). S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 17 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Question 47 Choose the option that is incorrect. A medical examination after a rape would include ___. 1) swabs taken from the vagina, mouth and anus 2) Information about HIV and pregnancy tests 3) medical treatment Answer: The correct answer is (3). Question 48 The survivor's experience is not a perfect example of date rape because ___. 1) there were signs of physical injury 2) she felt guilt and self-blame 3) she knew the perpetrator before the date Answer: The correct answer is (1). Question 49 The primary defence mechanism that the perpetrator used on the night of the sexual assault was ___. 1) blaming 2) intellectualisation 3) rationalisation Answer: The correct answer is (2). Question 50 The experience of the survivor as she entered the waiting room can best be described as ___. 1) post-traumatic stress disorder 2) sensory stimuli triggered by smell 3) emotional flooding of her repressed subconscious experiences Answer: The correct answer is (2). Question 51 According to Briere's model (1992), the survivor's reactions in paragraph 9 and 10 would indicate that her withdrawal from others was ___. 1) a typical post traumatic reaction 2) early accommodation to her abuse 3) long-term elaboration and secondary accommodation Answer: The correct answer is (2). S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: carmenvdwesthuizen4 | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 18 MGG2602 Sexual Trauma - Exams Question 52 The survivor's experience of not wanting to use the basin or look in the mirror illustrates the posttraumatic symptom of ___. 1) avoidance 2) arousal response 3) both 1 and 2 Answer: The correct answer is (3). Question 53 The survivor's experiences in paragraph 9 are characteristic of Petty & Spies (2005) ___. 1) emergency phase 2) anger phase 3) bottoming out phase Answer: The correct answer is (1). Question 54 This event can potentially impact on the survivor's future long-term relationships and for this reason the survivor should be encouraged ___. 1) to make up her own mind about whether she wants to tell her partner or not because she has the ability to make the best decision suited to her personal circumstances 2) not to disclose this to her future partner as it could make him suspicious about whether she was responsible for what happened and lead to a problem of jealousy in their relationship 3) to disclose it to her partner so that he will understand why she resists his sexual advances when their relationship becomes intimate.