CELLULAR INJURY
Occurs when a stress exceeds the cell’s ability to adapt.
Injury may progress through a Reversible stage or culminate in cell death.
Depends on Types of stages, Its severity and Type of Cell.
Neurons are highly susceptible to ischemic injury, whereas Skeletal muscle
Is more resistant.
Slowly developing Ischemia ATROPHY ( Renal Artery Atherosclerosis)
Acute Ischemia Results in Injury ( Renal Artery Embolism).
Common causes of Cellular Injury
1. Inflammation
2. Nutritional Deficiency/Excess
3. Hypoxia
4. Trauma
5. Genetic Mutations
6. Chemical Agents and Drugs
7. Infectious Agents
8. Immunologic Reactions
CELL INJURY
REVERSIBLE & IRREVERSIBLE CELLULAR INJURY :
Hypoxia and other agents impairs Oxidative Phosphorylation
Resulting in decreased ATP.
Low Atp will eventually disrupts :
Na+ , K+ pump Na+ and water buildup in cell.
Calcium Pump Build up in cytosol
Lactic Acid Buildup Due to switching to Anaerobic Response
Lactic Acid pH , Denaturation of Proteins & Precipitates DNA.
HALLMARK OF REVERSIBLE INJURY IS CELLULAR SWELLING.
a) Cytosol swelling results in loss of microvilli.
b) Swelling pf RER Dissociation of Ribosomes Protein synthesis
Occurs when a stress exceeds the cell’s ability to adapt.
Injury may progress through a Reversible stage or culminate in cell death.
Depends on Types of stages, Its severity and Type of Cell.
Neurons are highly susceptible to ischemic injury, whereas Skeletal muscle
Is more resistant.
Slowly developing Ischemia ATROPHY ( Renal Artery Atherosclerosis)
Acute Ischemia Results in Injury ( Renal Artery Embolism).
Common causes of Cellular Injury
1. Inflammation
2. Nutritional Deficiency/Excess
3. Hypoxia
4. Trauma
5. Genetic Mutations
6. Chemical Agents and Drugs
7. Infectious Agents
8. Immunologic Reactions
CELL INJURY
REVERSIBLE & IRREVERSIBLE CELLULAR INJURY :
Hypoxia and other agents impairs Oxidative Phosphorylation
Resulting in decreased ATP.
Low Atp will eventually disrupts :
Na+ , K+ pump Na+ and water buildup in cell.
Calcium Pump Build up in cytosol
Lactic Acid Buildup Due to switching to Anaerobic Response
Lactic Acid pH , Denaturation of Proteins & Precipitates DNA.
HALLMARK OF REVERSIBLE INJURY IS CELLULAR SWELLING.
a) Cytosol swelling results in loss of microvilli.
b) Swelling pf RER Dissociation of Ribosomes Protein synthesis
