COM3704 study guide.

Contents Page ORIENTATION (vii) A word of welcome (vii) Purpose of the module (viii) Outcomes of the module (ix) How this module is organised for learning (x) Reflective questions (x) The purpose of reflective questions (xi) Suggestions on how to approach reflective questions (xii) Keeping record of your reflections (xii) Helpful hints and suggestions when writing a journal (xiii) Activities (xiii) Study package (xiv) References (xv) PART 1: BEGINNINGS: CREATING CONTEXT 1 STUDY UNIT 1: NEW MEDIA: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS 6 Overview 6 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 What are social media? 9 1.3 New media as communication tools 10 1.4 Blogs 11 1.5 Traditional versus new media 15 1.6 Next generation networks 17 1.7 Theoretical frameworks about technology benefits 19 1.8 Reviewing and connecting the dots 20 1.9 Conclusion 20 References 20 STUDY UNIT 2: FORMS OF NEW MEDIA 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Analogue and digital media 23 2.3 The internet and media convergence 27 2.4 Social media and social networking 29 2.5 Virtual networking and the blogosphere 30 2.6 New media and the public sphere 33 2.7 Reviewing and connecting the dots 35 2.8 Resources for further enrichment 37 References 37 (iii) COM3704/1/2012 PART 2: POSITIVE USES AND CONSEQUENCES OF NEW MEDIA ON SOCIETY 39 STUDY UNIT 3: THE INTERNET AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 The internet and the information society 45 3.3 Interconnection and pricing issues in South Africa 52 3.4 Finding your own story: ICT prices and you 55 3.5 Regulating for cheaper communication costs 56 3.6 Reviewing and connecting the dots 56 3.7 Resources for further enrichment 57 Reference 57 STUDY UNIT 4: NEW MEDIA AND POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES 60 Overview 60 4.1 Introduction 60 4.2 Connecting to the internet 61 4.3 Uses of the internet 62 4.4 Reviewing and connecting the dots 65 References 66 STUDY UNIT 5: NEW MEDIA AND THE INDIVIDUAL 67 Overview 67 5.1 New media, business and economic development 67 5.2 Women, e-health and tele-working 73 5.3 Women and ICT: other issues 78 5.4 New media and education 84 5.5 Youth and new media 85 5.6 Regulation of new media 85 5.7 Other social, economic, political and cultural issues about new media 86 5.8 New media and journalism: offline and online newspapers and magazines 88 5.9 Online advertising 93 5.10 Conclusion 95 5.11 Reviewing and connecting the dots 95 References 96 STUDY UNIT 6: FIT FOR THE SMALL(ER) SCREEN: FILM, MOBILE TV AND THE NEW INDIVIDUAL TELEVISION EXPERIENCE 98 Overview 98 6.1 Introduction 98 6.2 Digital media and new ways of producing content 99 6.3 Small screens, aesthetics and genre 102 6.4 Digital ecologies, economies and environments 104 6.5 Intellectual property rights, copyright, the internet and cellphones 106 6.6 Conclusion 109 6.7 Reviewing and connecting the dots 109 References 110 (iv) STUDY UNIT 7: ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT: MEANING, MODELS AND APPLICATIONS 112 Overview 112 7.1 Introduction 113 7.2 Purposes of e-government 115 7.3 Applications of new media in political environments 120 7.4 Computer networks and the spread of politics 123 7.5 Citizens using technology to communicate with government 126 7.6 The digital divide and e-government 129 7.7 E-government theories 138 7.8 Conclusive reflections 139 7.9 Discussion points 139 7.10 Suggested readings and other relevant websites 140 References 141 STUDY UNIT 8: BROADCASTING DIGITAL MIGRATION 144 Overview 144 8.1 Introduction 144 8.2 Broadcasting digital migration 146 8.3 Visual radio and subscription television 152 8.4 Globalisation and the public broadcaster 153 8.5 Conclusion 154 8.6 Reviewing and connecting the dots 155 References 155 STUDY UNIT 9: NEW MEDIA AND DEVELOPMENT 157 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 The role of technology in development 157 9.3 Technology use and impact in developing countries 159 9.4 Conclusion 160 9.5 Reviewing and connecting the dots 160 References 160 PART 3: NEGATIVE USES AND CONSEQUENCES OF NEW MEDIA ON SOCIETY 163 STUDY UNIT 10: NEW MEDIA AND CYBERCRIME 167 Overview 167 10.1 Introduction 167 10.2 What is cybercrime? 168 10.3 Types of cybercrime 169 10.4 Cyberlaw 174 10.5 Reviewing and connecting the dots 175 10.6 Resources for further enrichment 175 References 176 (v) COM3704/1 STUDY UNIT 11: INTERNET ADDICTION DISORDER 178 Overview 178 11.1 Introduction 178 11.2 Types of IAD 179 11.3 Signs and symptoms of IAD 182 11.4 Why the internet is additive 184 11.5 Prevention and treatment of IAD 185 11.6 Reviewing and connecting the dots 185 11.7 Resources for further enrichment 186 References 186 PART 4: NEW MEDIA: PRESENT AND FUTURE POLICY PERSPECTIVES 189 STUDY UNIT 12: NEW MEDIA: PRESENT AND FUTURE POLICY PERSPECTIVES 192 12.1 Introduction 192 12.2 Regional and international perspectives on ICT or new media policy 192 12.3 Theories on telecommunications and new media policy formulation 194 12.4 Government's role in new media services and ICT provision 195 12.5 Evaluating universal service and universal access to new media services 197 12.6 Evaluating the effectiveness of ICT policy on society 197 12.7 Conclusion 198 12.8 Reviewing and connecting the dots 199 References 199 About endings and new beginnings 206