CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
28) Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and chimps have 24 pairs of chromosomes. What
is the most likely explanation for these differences in human and chimp genomes?
A) The common ancestor of humans and chimps had 24 pairs of chromosomes. During
human evolution, two human chromosomes fused end to end.
B) In the evolution of chimps, new adaptations resulted from additional chromosomal material.
C) At some point in evolution, human and chimp ancestors reproduced with each other.
D) Errors in mitosis resulted in an additional pair of chromosomes in
chimps. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
29) During which of the following processes does exon shuffling occur?
A) splicing of DNA
B) DNA replication
C) meiotic recombination
D) translation
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
30) When gene duplication occurs to its ultimate extent by doubling all genes in a
genome, which of the following results has occurred?
A) pseudogene creation
B) creation of a gene cluster
C) creation of a polyploid
D) creation of a
diploid Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.5
31) Which of the following types of genes or gene families may be created by mutations
that occur in one member of a gene pair that arose from gene duplication?
A) only a pseudogene
B) only a gene with a new function
C) only a gene family with two distinct but related members
D) a pseudogene, a gene with a new function, and a gene family with two distinct but
related members
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
32) Based on the data in the Amino Acid Sequence Identity Table, which two members of
the human globin gene family are the most divergent?
A) α1 and ß
B) Αγ and ß
C) α1 and a2
D) α1 and
G?
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.5
33) Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct woolly
mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. How can these fragments of DNA now be used?
A) to introduce certain mammoth traits into relatives, such as elephants
B) to clone live woolly mammoths
C) to understand the reasons why mammoths went extinct
D) to better understand the evolutionary relationships among members of related
taxa Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
34) Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse
species. The homeobox is the code for the domain of a protein that binds to DNA in a
regulatory developmental process. Which of the following statements is therefore correct
regarding homeotic genes?
A) Homeotic genes are selectively expressed as an organism develops.
B) Homeoboxes cannot be expressed in nonhomeotic genes.
C) Homeotic genes in apes and humans are very different.
D) All organisms must have homeotic
genes. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
35) A recent study compared the Homo sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results
of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary
history. Which of the following potential discoveries of additional data might be consistent with
this hypothesis?
A) some Neanderthal sequences not found in living humans
B) a few modern H. sapiens with some Neanderthal sequences
C) duplications of several Neanderthal genes on a Neanderthal chromosome
D) some Neanderthal chromosomes that are shorter than their counterparts in living
humans Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
36) Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times
in development. Which of the listed mechanisms could allow for this?
A) exon shuffling
B) pseudogene activation
C) differential translation of mRNAs
D) differential gene regulation over
time Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
37) Biologists now routinely test for homology between genes in different species. If genes
are determined to be homologous, how are they related to each other?
A) by descent from a common ancestor
B) because of convergent evolution
C) by chance mutations
D) in function but not structure
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.6
38) A current view of how the human and chimpanzee can share most of their nucleotide
sequences yet exhibit significant phenotypic differences is that many of the most
important sequence differences alter .
A) structural genes
B) the number of repeated sequences
C) regulatory sequences
D) environmental factors
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.6
39) Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated an important role of the FOXP2 transcription
factor in the development of vocalizations. Recent sequence comparisons of the FOXP2 gene
in Neanderthals and modern humans show that while the DNA sequence may be different, the
protein sequence it codes for is identical. Which of the following conclusions might logically
be inferred from this information?
A) There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result
in the same protein sequence.
B) The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were
primitive beings that could only grunt.
C) Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought.
D) The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to
humans and Neanderthals because they are not primates.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.6
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
40) Comparisons of DNA sequences within the human species have revealed many
variations. Which of the following variations involves duplication of relatively long stretches
of DNA?
A) CNVs
B) SNPs
C) STRs
D) Transposable
elements Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.6
41) A microarray is a tool used in genetic research to determine the mRNAs being produced in a
particular tissue, and their relative level of expression. Known genes can therefore be assayed
for their expression in different situations. One use of the technology is in cancer diagnosis and
treatment. If a known gene functions as a tumor suppressor, predict which of the following
pieces of evidence would be most useful in diagnosis of a cancer due to a mutation in this tumor-
suppressor gene.
A) The tissue sample shows a high level of gene expression relative to a control
(noncancerous) sample.
B) The tissue sample responds to treatment with a mitosis-promoting compound.
C) The mRNAs for the targeted tumor suppressor sequence are not being produced.
D) The mRNAs for cyclins and kinases show unusually high levels of
expression. Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.2
21.2 Student Edition End-of-Chapter Questions
1) Bioinformatics includes all of the following except
A) using computer programs to align DNA sequences.
B) using DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube.
C) developing computer-based tools for genome analysis.
D) using mathematical tools to make sense of biological
systems. Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Homeotic genes
A) encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for
specific anatomical structures.
B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.
C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.
D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the
fly. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
28) Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and chimps have 24 pairs of chromosomes. What
is the most likely explanation for these differences in human and chimp genomes?
A) The common ancestor of humans and chimps had 24 pairs of chromosomes. During
human evolution, two human chromosomes fused end to end.
B) In the evolution of chimps, new adaptations resulted from additional chromosomal material.
C) At some point in evolution, human and chimp ancestors reproduced with each other.
D) Errors in mitosis resulted in an additional pair of chromosomes in
chimps. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
29) During which of the following processes does exon shuffling occur?
A) splicing of DNA
B) DNA replication
C) meiotic recombination
D) translation
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
30) When gene duplication occurs to its ultimate extent by doubling all genes in a
genome, which of the following results has occurred?
A) pseudogene creation
B) creation of a gene cluster
C) creation of a polyploid
D) creation of a
diploid Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.5
31) Which of the following types of genes or gene families may be created by mutations
that occur in one member of a gene pair that arose from gene duplication?
A) only a pseudogene
B) only a gene with a new function
C) only a gene family with two distinct but related members
D) a pseudogene, a gene with a new function, and a gene family with two distinct but
related members
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.5
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
32) Based on the data in the Amino Acid Sequence Identity Table, which two members of
the human globin gene family are the most divergent?
A) α1 and ß
B) Αγ and ß
C) α1 and a2
D) α1 and
G?
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.5
33) Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct woolly
mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. How can these fragments of DNA now be used?
A) to introduce certain mammoth traits into relatives, such as elephants
B) to clone live woolly mammoths
C) to understand the reasons why mammoths went extinct
D) to better understand the evolutionary relationships among members of related
taxa Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
34) Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse
species. The homeobox is the code for the domain of a protein that binds to DNA in a
regulatory developmental process. Which of the following statements is therefore correct
regarding homeotic genes?
A) Homeotic genes are selectively expressed as an organism develops.
B) Homeoboxes cannot be expressed in nonhomeotic genes.
C) Homeotic genes in apes and humans are very different.
D) All organisms must have homeotic
genes. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
35) A recent study compared the Homo sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results
of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary
history. Which of the following potential discoveries of additional data might be consistent with
this hypothesis?
A) some Neanderthal sequences not found in living humans
B) a few modern H. sapiens with some Neanderthal sequences
C) duplications of several Neanderthal genes on a Neanderthal chromosome
D) some Neanderthal chromosomes that are shorter than their counterparts in living
humans Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
36) Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times
in development. Which of the listed mechanisms could allow for this?
A) exon shuffling
B) pseudogene activation
C) differential translation of mRNAs
D) differential gene regulation over
time Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.6
37) Biologists now routinely test for homology between genes in different species. If genes
are determined to be homologous, how are they related to each other?
A) by descent from a common ancestor
B) because of convergent evolution
C) by chance mutations
D) in function but not structure
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.6
38) A current view of how the human and chimpanzee can share most of their nucleotide
sequences yet exhibit significant phenotypic differences is that many of the most
important sequence differences alter .
A) structural genes
B) the number of repeated sequences
C) regulatory sequences
D) environmental factors
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.6
39) Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated an important role of the FOXP2 transcription
factor in the development of vocalizations. Recent sequence comparisons of the FOXP2 gene
in Neanderthals and modern humans show that while the DNA sequence may be different, the
protein sequence it codes for is identical. Which of the following conclusions might logically
be inferred from this information?
A) There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result
in the same protein sequence.
B) The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were
primitive beings that could only grunt.
C) Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought.
D) The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to
humans and Neanderthals because they are not primates.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 21.6
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, CAMPBELL BIOLOGY PG 400-600
40) Comparisons of DNA sequences within the human species have revealed many
variations. Which of the following variations involves duplication of relatively long stretches
of DNA?
A) CNVs
B) SNPs
C) STRs
D) Transposable
elements Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 21.6
41) A microarray is a tool used in genetic research to determine the mRNAs being produced in a
particular tissue, and their relative level of expression. Known genes can therefore be assayed
for their expression in different situations. One use of the technology is in cancer diagnosis and
treatment. If a known gene functions as a tumor suppressor, predict which of the following
pieces of evidence would be most useful in diagnosis of a cancer due to a mutation in this tumor-
suppressor gene.
A) The tissue sample shows a high level of gene expression relative to a control
(noncancerous) sample.
B) The tissue sample responds to treatment with a mitosis-promoting compound.
C) The mRNAs for the targeted tumor suppressor sequence are not being produced.
D) The mRNAs for cyclins and kinases show unusually high levels of
expression. Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 21.2
21.2 Student Edition End-of-Chapter Questions
1) Bioinformatics includes all of the following except
A) using computer programs to align DNA sequences.
B) using DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube.
C) developing computer-based tools for genome analysis.
D) using mathematical tools to make sense of biological
systems. Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Homeotic genes
A) encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for
specific anatomical structures.
B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.
C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.
D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the
fly. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
