Local Anesthesia For Dental Professionals 2nd Edition By Bassett, DiMarco & Naughton – Test Bank

Sample Questions Chapter 6 Vasoconstrictors in Dentistry Match the following 1. A) Adrenaline 2. B) Mimics sympathetic mediators 3. C) Smooth muscle relaxation 4. D) Vasoconstrictor not used in dentistry 5. E) Tissues or cellular receptors that respond to adrenaline 6. F) Synthetic catecholamine 7. G) Cardiac stimulation 8. H) Adrenal gland neurotransmitters 9. I) Epinephrine and norepinephrine 10. J) Smooth muscle contraction 1) Adrenergic Objective: 1 2) Alpha receptor Objective: 1 3) Beta1 receptor Objective: 1 4) Beta2 receptor Objective: 1 5) Catecholamines Objective: 1 6) Epinephrine Objective: 1 7) Levonordefrin Objective: 1 8) Norepinephrine Objective: 1 9) Sympathomimetic Objective: 1 10) Vasopressors Objective: 1 Answers: 1) E 2) J 3) G 4) C 5) H 6) A 7) F 8) D 9) B 10) I True or false 1) Epinephrine, levonordefrin, and phenylephrine are catecholamines. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Epinephrine and levonordefrin are catecholamines. Phenylephrine is a noncatecholamine. Objective: 2 2) All vasoconstrictors in dentistry stimulate adrenergic receptors. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 2 3) Epinephrine and norepinephrine are indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are direct-acting vasopressors. Objective: 2 4) Epinephrine provides almost equal alpha and beta effects; however, beta effects initially predominate to vasoconstrict vessels. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Epinephrine provides almost equal alpha and beta effects; however, alpha effects initially predominate to vasoconstrict vessels. Objective: 2 5) All vasopressors stimulate adrenergic receptors. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 2 6) Vasoconstrictors speed the absorption of local anesthetic drugs. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Vasoconstrictors slow the absorption of local anesthetic drugs. Objective: 3 7) Signs and symptoms of epinephrine overdose include confusion and drowsiness, and are short lived due to the efficiency of epinephrine metabolism. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Signs and symptoms of epinephrine overdose include nausea, restlessness, a racing heart, severe headaches, palpitations, tremors, and shakiness. Confusion and drowsiness may be related to an overdose of the local anesthetic drug. Reactions to epinephrine overdose are typically short due to the efficiency of epinephrine metabolism. Objective: 4 8) Vasoconstrictors have been associated with more drug interactions than any other drugs in dentistry. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 4 9) Most adverse effects with the use of vasoconstrictors are short lived and easily managed. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 4 10) High blood pressure is always a contraindication to the use of vasoconstrictors in dentistry. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Avoiding vasoconstrictors based on their impact on blood pressure alone may be misguided. Use of a local anesthetic drug without a vasoconstrictor may not provide profound or durable anesthesia. The lack of profound anesthesia can result in unmanageable pain, which, in turn, can lead to a spike in blood pressure due to the release of endogenous epinephrine in response to the pain. This endogenous release may be greater than administered doses of epinephrine. Objective: 4 11) Epinephrine may be contraindicated for patients with a previous history of stroke, radiation therapy, or brittle diabetes. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 4 12) Levonordefrin is one-tenth as potent as epinephrine. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Levonordefrin is approximately one-sixth as potent as epinephrine. Objective: 5 13) Cardiac stimulation from levonordefrin is less compared to epinephrine. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Objective: 5 14) Levonordefrin is a stronger vasoconstrictor compared to epinephrine because its primary action is 75% alpha. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: B Explanation: B) Levonordefrin is a weaker vasoconstrictor compared to epinephrine. Although its primary action is 75% alpha, it has only one-sixth the potency of epinephrine. Objective: 5 15) Levonordefrin is less potent than epinephrine therefore it is formulated as 1:20,000. 1. A) True 2. B) False Answer: A Explanation: A) Levonordefrin is less potent than epinephrine therefore it is formulated as 1:20,000. Objective: 5 Fill in the blank 1) The two vasopressors routinely used in dental local anesthetic drugs in North America are and . Answer: epinephrine, levonordefrin. Objective: 2 2) Epinephrine is an example of a sympathomimetic drug. Answer: direct-acting