ERIK ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHRONOLOGICAL PSYCHOSEXUAL
PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS BASIC STRENGTH CORE PATHOLOGY
STAGE AGE MODE
1. Infancy First year of life Oral-Sensory Basic Trust vs. Basic Hope Withdrawal
Parallel to Freud’s Psychosexual Mistrust Painful and Retreat from the
oral phase Mode Trust - pattern of pleasurable outside world and
A time of Receiving and accepting things experiences, begin the journey
incorporation, accepting what corresponds with infants learn to toward serious
with infants is given culture’s way of giving expect that psychological
“taking in” not Infants not only things future distresses disturbance
only through their must get, but will meet with (looking for what
mouth but they also must Mistrust - find no satisfactory we want in our
through their get someone correspondence between outcomes fantasies)
various sense else to give their oral-sensory needs
organs as well and their environment
2. Early Childhood 2-3 years old Anal-Urethral Autonomy vs. Shame Will Compulsion
Parallel to Freud’s Muscular Mode and Doubt Develop only Lack of purpose;
anal phase Children learn Autonomy – self- when their doing something
Developmental task: to control their expression; letting environment only because they
to master other body, especially children achieve allows them need to
bodily functions in relation to independence some self-
cleanliness and expression in
mobility Shame and Doubt – their control of
Shame is a feeling of self- sphincters and
consciousness, of being other muscles
looked at and exposed Beginning of
(child tries something but free will and
failed) while Doubt is the willpower
feeling of not being
certain, that something
remains hidden (child
tries something and is
stopped)
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHRONOLOGICAL PSYCHOSEXUAL
PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS BASIC STRENGTH CORE PATHOLOGY
STAGE AGE MODE
1. Infancy First year of life Oral-Sensory Basic Trust vs. Basic Hope Withdrawal
Parallel to Freud’s Psychosexual Mistrust Painful and Retreat from the
oral phase Mode Trust - pattern of pleasurable outside world and
A time of Receiving and accepting things experiences, begin the journey
incorporation, accepting what corresponds with infants learn to toward serious
with infants is given culture’s way of giving expect that psychological
“taking in” not Infants not only things future distresses disturbance
only through their must get, but will meet with (looking for what
mouth but they also must Mistrust - find no satisfactory we want in our
through their get someone correspondence between outcomes fantasies)
various sense else to give their oral-sensory needs
organs as well and their environment
2. Early Childhood 2-3 years old Anal-Urethral Autonomy vs. Shame Will Compulsion
Parallel to Freud’s Muscular Mode and Doubt Develop only Lack of purpose;
anal phase Children learn Autonomy – self- when their doing something
Developmental task: to control their expression; letting environment only because they
to master other body, especially children achieve allows them need to
bodily functions in relation to independence some self-
cleanliness and expression in
mobility Shame and Doubt – their control of
Shame is a feeling of self- sphincters and
consciousness, of being other muscles
looked at and exposed Beginning of
(child tries something but free will and
failed) while Doubt is the willpower
feeling of not being
certain, that something
remains hidden (child
tries something and is
stopped)
